Systems and methods utilizing randomized clock rates to reduce systematic time-stamp granularity errors in network packet communications
View Patent ↗Systems and methods are disclosed for utilizing slave (receive) time-stamp clock rates that are different from master (sender) time-stamp clock rates to randomize and thereby reduce systematic time-stamp granularity errors in the communication of network packets. The slave (receive) time-stamp clock rate for some embodiments is set to be a fixed value that has a relationship with the master (sender) time-stamp clock rate such that the ratio of the slave (receive) clock rate to the master (sender) clock rate is a rational number. Other embodiments use a time-varying frequency for the slave (receive) time-stamp clock rate to randomize the slave (receive) time-stamp clock with respect to the master (sender) time-stamp clock. Additional time-stamps can also be generated using a slave (receive) time-stamp clock having a rate set to equal the rate of the master (sender) time-stamp clock signal. Further spread spectrum and/or delta-sigma modulation techniques can be applied to effectively randomize the slave (receive) time-stamp clock.
1. A receiving device for network communications, comprising:
a packet reception interface configured to receive network packets from a sending device;
a time-stamp generator configured to generate receive time-stamps associated with received network packets using a receive time-stamp clock signal having a receive time-stamp clock rate; and
a time-stamp clock generator configured to generate the receive time-stamp clock signal having the receive time-stamp clock rate, the receive time-stamp clock rate being configured to be intentionally different from a sender time-stamp clock rate for a sender time-stamp clock signal used to generate sender time-stamps such that the receive time-stamp clock rate is not syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock rate, and the receive time-stamp clock signal not being synchronized with the sender time-stamp clock signal and differing in phase from the sender time-stamp clock signal from clock-cycle to clock-cycle, such that systematic time-stamp granularity errors are not introduced;
wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate and the sender time-stamp clock rate comprise a slave time-stamp clock rate and a master time-stamp clock rate; and
wherein the ratio (f S1 f M ) of the slave time-stamp clock rate (f S ) to the master time-stamp clock rate (f M ) has a fixed non-integer relationship and are related by a ratio R/T where R and T are integers and T is greater than 1000 after common factors are removed.
2. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate has a fixed relationship to the sender time-stamp clock rate such that their ratio is a rational number.
3. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate varies over time and has an average value equal to a rational multiple of an average sender time-stamp clock rate.
4. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate is randomized using a spread spectrum technique.
5. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate is randomized using a sigma-delta modulation technique.
6. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the time-stamp clock generator is further configured to generate a second receive time-stamp clock signal that is syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock signal, and wherein the time-stamp generator is further configured to generate a second time-stamp using the second time-stamp clock signal.
7. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the sender time-stamp clock rate is configured to match a media independent interface clock rate for Ethernet communications.
8. The receiving device of claim 1 , wherein the time-stamp generator is further configured to generate time-stamps for network packets to be transmitted to the sending device.
9. A system for network communications, comprising:
a sending device, comprising:
a time-stamp generator configured to use a sender time-stamp clock signal having a sender time-stamp clock rate to generate sender time-stamps, the sender time-stamps being associated with transmitted network packets;
a time-stamp clock generator configured to generate the sender time-stamp clock signal having the sender time-stamp clock rate; and
a packet transmission interface configured to transmit network packets;
a receiving device, comprising:
a packet reception interface configured to receive network packets from the sending device;
a time-stamp generator configured to generate receive time-stamps associated with received network packets using a receive time-stamp clock signal having a receive time-stamp clock rate; and
a time-stamp clock generator configured to generate the receive time-stamp clock signal having the receive time-stamp clock rate, the receive time-stamp clock rate being configured to intentionally different from the sender time-stamp clock rate such that the receive time-stamp clock rate is not syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock rate, and the receive time-stamp clock signal not being synchronized with the sender time-stamp clock signal and differing in phase from the sender time-stamp clock signal from clock-cycle to clock-cycle, such that systematic time-stamp granularity errors are not introduced;
wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate and the sender time-stamp clock rate comprise a slave time-stamp clock rate and a master time-stamp clock rate; and
wherein the ratio (f S1 f M ) of the slave time-stamp clock rate (f S ) to the master time-stamp clock rate (f M ) has a fixed non-integer relationship and are related by a ratio R/T where R and T are integers and T is greater than 1000 after common factors are removed.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate has a fixed relationship to the sender time-stamp clock rate such that their ratio is a rational number.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate varies over time and has an average value equal to a rational multiple of an average sender time-stamp clock rate.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate is randomized using a spread spectrum technique.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate is randomized using a sigma-delta modulation technique.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the time-stamp clock generator for the receiving device is further configured to generate a second receive time-stamp clock signal that is syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock signal, and wherein the time-stamp generator for the receiving device is further configured to generate a second receive time-stamp using the second receive time-stamp clock signal.
15. A method for network communications, comprising:
receiving at a receiving device network packets from a sending device, the network packets including sender time-stamps generated at the sending device using a sender time-stamp clock signal having a sender time-stamp clock rate;
generating a receive time-stamp clock signal having a receive time-stamp clock rate intentionally different from the sender time-stamp clock rate such that the receive time-stamp clock rate is not syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock rate, and the receive time-stamp clock signal not being synchronized with the sender time-stamp clock signal and differing in phase from the sender time-stamp clock signal from clock-cycle to clock-cycle, such that systematic time-stamp granularity errors are not introduced;
generating receive time-stamps associated with received network packets using the receive time-stamp clock signal; and
utilizing the sender time-stamps and the receive time-stamps for time alignment within the receiving device;
wherein the receive time-stamp clock rate and the sender time-stamp clock rate comprise a slave time-stamp clock rate and a master time-stamp clock rate; and
wherein the ratio (f S1 f M ) of the slave time-stamp clock rate (f S ) to the master time-stamp clock rate (f M ) has a fixed non-integer relationship and are related by a ratio R/T where R and T are integers and T is greater than 1000 after common factors are removed.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising generating the receive time-stamp clock signal so that the receive time-stamp clock rate has a fixed relationship to the sender time-stamp clock rate such that their ratio is a rational number.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising varying the receive time-stamp clock rate over time to have an average value equal to a rational multiple of an average sender time-stamp clock rate.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising randomizing the receive time-stamp clock rate using a spread spectrum technique.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising randomizing the receive time-stamp clock rate using a sigma-delta modulation technique.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising generating a second receive time-stamp clock signal that is syntonized with the sender time-stamp clock signal, using the second time-stamp clock signal to generate second receive time-stamps for the received network packets, and also utilizing the second receive time-stamps for time alignment in the receiving device.
21. The method of claim 15 , further comprising generating receive time-stamps for network packets to be transmitted to the sending device, and transmitting the network packets with the receive time-stamps to the sending device.
22. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
generating at the sending device a sender time-stamp clock signal having the sender clock rate;
generating sender time-stamps using the sender time-stamp clock signal, the sender time-stamps being associated with network packets to be transmitted to the receiving device; and
transmitting the network packets with the sender time-stamps to the receiving device.