Transforming I/Q impairments through a linear system
View Patent ↗Systems and methods for measuring transmitter and/or receiver I/Q impairments are disclosed, including iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using shared local oscillators, iterative methods for measuring transmitter I/Q impairments using intentionally-offset local oscillators, and methods for measuring receiver I/Q impairments. Also disclosed are methods for computing I/Q impairments from a sampled complex signal, methods for computing DC properties of a signal path between the transmitter and receiver, and methods for transforming I/Q impairments through a linear system.
1. A computer-implemented method for computing I/Q impairments at a complex output of an electrical system based on I/Q impairments at a complex input of the electrical system, the method comprising:
computing a spectrum A(f) according to the expression
H ( f )(1 +g ( f )exp( j φ( f )),
where H(f) is a spectrum of a linear system model of the electrical system, wherein g(f) is a gain imbalance at the complex input, wherein φ(f) is a phase skew at the complex input;
computing a spectrum B(f) according to the expression
H (− f )(1 −g ( f )exp(− j φ( f ));
computing a sum of the spectra A(f) and B(f), and a difference of the spectra A(f) and B(f);
computing a gain imbalance and phase skew at the complex output based on real and imaginary parts of the sum, and real and imaginary parts of the difference; and
storing the computed gain imbalance and phase skew in a memory.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
computing an inverse of a spectrum of the signal path to determine the spectrum H(f).
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the spectrum H(f) is based on a DC scaling and a DC rotation of the signal path.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the DC scaling and the DC rotation are determined by:
supplying a zero signal as input to the I/Q modulator;
capturing a first response signal from the demodulator in response to said supplying the zero signal;
supplying a constant signal equal to a non-zero complex constant as input to the I/Q modulator;
capturing a second response signal from the demodulator in response to said supplying the constant signal;
averaging the first response signal to obtain a first average and averaging the second response signal to obtain a second average;
computing a difference between the second average and the first average; and
computing the DC scaling based on the difference and the non-zero complex constant.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an input of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed in a programmable hardware element.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed by a processor in response to execution of program instructions.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring the gain imbalance g(f) and the phase skew φ(f) of an electronic device at a plurality of frequencies.
10. A non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium for computing I/Q impairments at a complex output of an electrical system based on I/Q impairments at a complex input of the electrical system, wherein the memory medium stores program instructions, wherein the program instructions, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
compute a spectrum A(f) according to the expression
H ( f )(1 +g ( f )exp( j φ( f )),
where H(f) is a spectrum of a linear system model of the electrical system, wherein g(f) is a gain imbalance at the complex input, wherein φ(f) is a phase skew at the complex input;
compute a spectrum B(f) according to the expression
H (− f )(1 −g ( f )exp(− j φ( f ));
compute a sum of the spectra A(f) and B(f), and a difference of the spectra A(f) and B(f);
compute a gain imbalance and phase skew at the complex output based on real and imaginary parts of the sum, and real and imaginary parts of the difference; and
store the computed gain imbalance and phase skew in a memory.
11. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 10 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.
12. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 11 , wherein the program instructions, when executed by a computer system, further cause the computer system to:
computing an inverse of a spectrum of the signal path to determine the spectrum H(f).
13. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 11 , wherein the spectrum H(f) is based on a DC scaling and a DC rotation of the signal path.
14. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 11 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an input of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.
15. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 10 , further comprising:
measuring the gain imbalance g(f) and the phase skew φ(f) of an electronic device at a plurality of frequencies.
16. A non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium for computing I/Q impairments at a complex output of an electrical system based on I/Q impairments at a complex input of the electrical system, wherein the memory medium stores program instructions, wherein the program instructions, when executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
compute a spectrum A(f) according to the expression
H ( f )(1 +g ( f )exp( j φ( f )),
where H(f) is a spectrum of a linear system model of the electrical system, wherein g(f) is a gain imbalance at the complex input, wherein φ(f) is a phase skew at the complex input;
compute a spectrum B(f) according to the expression
H (− f )(1 −g ( f )exp(− j φ( f ));
compute a sum of the spectra A(f) and B(f), and a difference of the spectra A(f) and B(f);
compute a gain imbalance and phase skew at the complex output based on real and imaginary parts of the sum, and real and imaginary parts of the difference; and
store the computed gain imbalance and phase skew in a memory.
17. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 16 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.
18. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 17 , wherein the program instructions, when executed by the computer system, cause the computer system to:
compute an inverse of a spectrum of the signal path to determine the spectrum H(f).
19. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 17 , wherein the spectrum H(f) is based on a DC scaling and a DC rotation of the signal path.
20. The non-transitory computer-accessible memory medium of claim 16 , wherein the spectrum H(f) represents an inverse of a signal path, wherein the signal path is a path from an I/Q modulator of a transmitter to a demodulator of a receiver, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex input represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an input of the demodulator, wherein the gain imbalance and the phase skew at the complex output represents a gain imbalance and a phase skew at an output of the I/Q modulator.