Measuring phase noise in radio frequency, microwave or millimeter signals based on photonic delay

1. A device for measuring a phase noise in a signal, comprising:

an input port that receives an oscillation signal from an oscillator under test;

a photonic signal processing circuit that processes the oscillation signal to produce an output signal; and

circuitry that receives and processes the output signal to measure noise in the received oscillation signal and controls the photonic signal processing circuit and measurements of the noise in the received oscillation signal,

wherein the photonic signal processing circuit includes:

(a) a laser producing continuous wave laser light in a first optical polarization,

(b) an optical modulator that modulates the laser light to produce modulated laser light that carries the oscillation signal and is in the first optical polarization,

(c) a photonic beam combiner that:

i. receives at a first port the modulated laser light in the first optical polarization along a first optical path from the optical modulator,

ii. directs the received modulated laser light in the first optical polarization to a second port, and

iii. directs light received at the second port in a second optical polarization orthogonal to the first optical polarization to a third port,

(d) a fiber delay line coupled to the second port to receive light from the photonic beam combiner,

(e) a Faraday rotator mirror coupled to the fiber delay line to reflect light back to the fiber delay line by rotating optical polarization by 90 degrees,

(f) a photodetector coupled to receive light from the third port of the photonic beam combiner to generate a detector signal,

(g) a voltage controlled phase shifter that receives a copy of the oscillation signal and changes a phase of the copy of the oscillator signal to produce a phase-shifted oscillator signal, and

(h) a signal mixer that mixes the detector signal and the phase-shifted oscillator signal to produce the output signal.

2. The device as in claim 1 , comprising:

a polarization maintaining fiber that connects the optical modulator and the first port of the photonic beam combiner to maintain light in the first optical polarization.

3. The device as in claim 1 , comprising:

an optical switch coupled between the fiber delay line and the Faraday rotator mirror to connect or disconnect a connection between the fiber delay line and the Faraday rotator mirror;

a second fiber delay line separated from the first fiber delay line; and

a second Faraday rotator mirror coupled to the second fiber delay line to receive light from the second fiber delay line and to reflect light back to the second fiber delay line by rotating optical polarization by 90 degrees,

wherein the optical switch is further coupled between the fiber delay line and the second fiber delay line to connect or disconnect a connection between the fiber delay line and the second fiber delay line.

4. The device as in claim 1 , wherein the circuitry includes:

a signal analyzer that receives and processes the output signal to measure noise in the received oscillation signal; and

a controller that controls the first photonic signal processing circuit and the signal analyzer to control measurements of the noise in the received oscillation signal.