Multi-stage cooling system with tandem compressors and optimized control of sensible cooling and dehumidification
View Patent ↗A cooling system has a plurality of separate cooling stages including an upstream cooling stage having an upstream cooling circuit and a downstream cooling stage including a downstream cooling circuit, which are each a direct expansion cooling circuit including a tandem compressor. Each tandem compressor includes a fixed capacity compressor and a variable capacity compressor. A controller controls the fixed capacity compressor and variable capacity compressor of each tandem compressor based on a Call for Cooling, which of a plurality of ranges the Call for Cooling falls within, and whether the Call for Cooling is ramping up or ramping down.
1. A cooling system, comprising:
a cabinet having an air inlet and an air outlet;
an air moving unit disposed in the cabinet;
a plurality of separate cooling stages including an upstream cooling stage and a downstream cooling stage, the upstream cooling stage having an upstream cooling circuit and the downstream cooling stage having a downstream cooling circuit;
the upstream and downstream cooling circuits are each a direct expansion refrigeration cooling circuit including an evaporator, a condenser, a tandem compressor and an expansion device, the evaporator having an inlet coupled to an outlet of the expansion device and an outlet coupled to an inlet of the tandem compressor, the tandem compressor having an outlet coupled to an inlet of the condenser and the condenser having an outlet coupled to an inlet of the expansion device;
each tandem compressor including a fixed capacity compressor and a variable capacity compressor;
the evaporator of the upstream cooling circuit and the evaporator of the downstream cooling circuit arranged in the cabinet so that air to be cooled passes over them in serial fashion, first over the evaporator of the upstream cooling circuit and then over the evaporator of the downstream cooling circuit; and
a controller coupled to the tandem compressors that in a sensible cooling control controls the fixed capacity compressor and variable capacity compressor of each of the tandem compressors based on a Call for Cooling, also based on which of a plurality of sensible cooling control ranges that the Call for Cooling falls within and also based on whether the Call for Cooling is ramping up or ramping down, wherein when there is an unmet Call for Dehumidification, the controller switching from the sensible cooling control to a dehumidification control and controls the fixed capacity compressor and variable capacity compressor of each of the tandem compressors based on the Call for Dehumidification and also based on which of a plurality of dehumidification control ranges that the Call for Cooling falls within until the Call for Dehumidification has been met and then switching back to the sensible cooling control.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein when the controller is in sensible cooling control the controller first begins ramping the variable capacity compressor of the upstream cooling circuit to provide cooling and when the Call for Cooling increases above a threshold, the controller also begins ramping the variable capacity compressor of the cooling circuit of the downstream cooling stage.
3. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of sensible cooling control ranges are defined by the controller having Call for Cooling ramping up control thresholds and Call for Cooling ramping down control thresholds, the Call for Cooling ramping up control thresholds including SRU 1 , SRU 2 , SRU 3 and SRU 4 that progress from lower to higher values, the Call for Cooling ramping down control thresholds including SRD 1 , SRD 2 , SRD 3 and SRD 4 that progress from lower to higher values;
wherein when the Call for Cooling is ramping up:
when the Call for Cooling is between SRU 1 and SRU 2 , the controller turning on only the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and ramping the capacity of that variable capacity compressor based on the Call for Cooling,
when the Call for Cooling is between SRU 2 and SRU 3 , the controller turning on only the variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressors of the upstream cooling circuit and the downstream cooling circuit and ramping their capacity based on the Call for Cooling,
when the call for Call for Cooling is between SRU 3 and SRU 4 , the controller turning on the fixed and variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and ramping the capacity of that variable capacity compressor based on the Call for Cooling and turning on only the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit and running that the variable capacity compressor at full capacity, and
when the Call for Cooling is greater than SRU 4 , the controller turning on the fixed and variable compressors of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit, running the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit at full capacity and ramping the capacity of the variable capacity compressor of the downstream cooling circuit based on the Call for Cooling; and
wherein when the Call for Cooling is ramping down:
when the Call for Cooling is between SRD 1 and SRD 2 , the controller turning on only the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and ramping the capacity of that variable compressor capacity based on the Call for Cooling,
when the Call for Cooling is between SRD 2 and SRD 3 , turning on only the variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressors of the upstream cooling circuit and the downstream cooling circuit and ramping their capacity based on the Call for Cooling,
when the Call for Cooling is between SRD 3 and SRD 4 , the controller turning on the fixed and variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and ramping the capacity of that variable capacity compressor based on the Call for Cooling percentage and turning on only the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit and running that the variable capacity compressor at full capacity, and
when the Call for cooling percentage is greater than SRU 4 and less than or equal to SRU 5 , the controller turning on the fixed and variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit, running the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit at full capacity and ramping the capacity of the variable capacity compressor of the downstream cooling circuit based on the Call for Cooling.
4. The cooling system of claim 3 wherein SRU 1 is 25%, SRU 2 is 45%, SRU 3 is 65%, SRU 4 is 90%, SRD 1 is 0%, SRD 2 is 15%, SRD 3 is 40% and SRD 4 is 65%.
5. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein when the controller is in the dehumidification control the controller controls which of the fixed capacity compressors and variable capacity compressors are on based on which of the plurality of dehumidification control ranges the Call for Cooling falls within and also for each of the variable capacity compressors that are on the controller controlling whether that variable capacity compressor is full on or being ramped also based on which of the plurality of dehumidification control ranges the Call for Cooling falls within and the controller then controls the ramping of each variable capacity compressor being ramped based on the Call for Dehumidification.
6. The cooling system of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of dehumidification control ranges are defined by the controller having Call for Dehumidification control thresholds including L 1 , L 2 and L 3 that progress from lower to higher values, wherein:
when the Call for Cooling is between L 1 and L 2 , the controller turning on only the variable capacity compressors of the tandem compressors of the upstream and downstream cooling circuits and ramping their capacity based on the Call for Dehumidification,
when the Call for Cooling is between L 2 and L 3 , the controller turning on only the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit and running it at full capacity and turning on the fixed capacity compressor and variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit and ramping the capacity of the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit based on the Call for Dehumidification, and
when the Call for Cooling is greater than L 3 , the controller turning on the fixed capacity compressors, ramping the capacity of the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the upstream cooling circuit based on the Call for Dehumidification and running the variable capacity compressor of the tandem compressor of the downstream cooling circuit at full capacity.
7. The cooling system of claim 6 wherein L 1 is 0%, L 2 is 45% and L 3 is 65%.
8. The cooling system of claim 7 wherein SRU 1 is 25%, SRU 2 is 45%, SRU 3 is 65%, SRU 4 is 90%, SRD 1 is 0%, SRD 2 is 15%, SRD 3 is 40% and SRD 4 is 65%.
9. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the evaporators have cooling slabs arranged in an interleaved configuration with one or more coils of the cooling slab of the evaporator of the upstream cooling circuit interleaved with one or more coils of the cooling slabs of the evaporator of the downstream cooling circuit.
10. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein the cooling slabs of the evaporators each have a superheat section and 2-phase section with the superheat section of the cooling slab of the downstream evaporator arranged between the superheat section of the evaporator of the upstream cooling circuit and the 2-phase section of the evaporator of the downstream cooling circuit.
11. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the downstream cooling circuit includes a suction line heat exchanger.
12. The cooling system of claim 11 wherein the upstream cooling circuit includes a suction line heat exchanger.