Dual mode temperature transducer with oxygen saturation sensor
Apparatus for detecting intracranial temperature and blood oxygenation includes a transducer having a working surface for placement against a patient's cranium. The transducer forms a microwave antenna having walls defining an aperture having a pair of opposite broader boundaries and a pair of opposite narrower boundaries at the working surface. The antenna is tuned to a frequency which produces a first output signal indicative of heat emanating from the cranium. An oxygen saturation sensor sharing that aperture includes a radiation emitter located at one of narrower boundaries which directs electromagnetic radiation across the aperture to a radiation detector at the other of the narrower boundaries and which produces a corresponding second output signal. A control unit includes a display and a processor for processing the signals to calculate an intracranial temperature and an oxygen saturation value for display by the control unit.
1. An apparatus for detecting intracranial temperature and blood oxygenation in a patient, said apparatus comprising
a transducer having a working surface for placement against a patient's cranium, said transducer including
a microwave antenna defining an aperture at or near said working surface, said antenna being tuned to a first frequency that produces a first output signal indicative of heat emanating from within a cranium against which it is placed,
an oxygen saturation sensor sharing said aperture, said sensor including an electromagnetic radiation emitter which directs electromagnetic radiation across the aperture to a radiation detector, said detector senses any radiation not absorbed by a cranium against which the transducer is placed and produces a corresponding second output signal, and
a control unit connected to the transducer, said control unit including a display,
a radiometer centered on said first frequency and which receives said first output signal and produces a corresponding temperature signal, and
a processor to process the second output signal and calculate an oxygenation value for display by the control unit,
and further
wherein said antenna is a rectangular waveguide having a pair of opposite broader walls and a pair of opposite narrower walls which define broader and narrower boundaries of said aperture, and
the emitter and detector are located opposite one another at said narrower boundaries.
2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the emitter and detector emit and detect infrared light, respectively.
3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 ,
further including a septum extending between opposite locations on the narrower boundaries to partition said aperture, and
wherein said emitter and said detector are located in the septum.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 1 ,
further including a septum extending between opposite locations on the narrower boundaries to partition said aperture, and
wherein said emitter and said detector are located between the septum and said broader boundaries.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 1 and further including
a septum extending between opposite locations on the narrower boundaries to partition said aperture, and
a heat sensor in the septum at or near said working surface for sensing the near surface temperature of a cranium against which the transducer is placed and producing a corresponding third output signal, said processor also processing said third output signal to calculate a near surface temperature value for display by the control unit.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein the heat sensor is selected from the group consisting of thermocouple, thermister and infrared detector.
7. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein
the heat sensor includes a second microwave antenna having a second aperture shared with the aperture of said microwave antenna, said second antenna being tuned to a second frequency different from the first frequency, and
the control unit also includes a second radiometer centered on the second frequency and which receives said third output signal and produces a corresponding surface temperature signal which is processed by the processor to calculate a near surface temperature value for display by the control unit.
8. An apparatus for detecting intracranial temperature and blood oxygenation in a patient, said apparatus comprising
a transducer having a working surface for placement against a patient's cranium, said transducer including
a microwave antenna defining an aperture at or near said working surface, said antenna being tuned to a first frequency that produces a first output signal indicative of heat emanating from within a cranium against which it is placed,
an oxygen saturation sensor sharing said aperture, said sensor including an electromagnetic radiation emitter which directs electromagnetic radiation across the aperture to a radiation detector, said detector sense any radiation not absorbed by a cranium against which the transducer is placed and produces a corresponding second output signal, and
a control unit connected to the transducer, said control unit including a display,
a radiometer centered on said first frequency and which receives said first output signal and produces a corresponding temperature signal, and
a processor to process the second output signal and calculate an oxygenation value for display by the control unit,
and further
wherein the apparatus includes a modulator which modulates the electromagnetic emissions from said emitter to facilitate detection of the second output signal by the radiometer.