Integrin receptor antagonists and their methods of use
Compounds comprising R-G-Cysteic Acid (i.e., R-G-NH—CH(CH 2 —SO 3 H)COOH or Arg-Gly-NH—CH(CH 2 —SO 3 H)COOH) and derivatives thereof, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers, multimers, cyclic forms, linear forms, drug-conjugates, pro-drugs and their derivatives. Also disclosed are methods for making and using such compounds including methods for inhibiting integrins including but not necessarily limited to α 5 β 1 -Integrin, α v β 3 -Integrin and α v β 5 -Integrin, inhibiting cellular adhesion to RGD binding sites, preventing or treating viral or other microbial infections, inhibiting angiogenesis in tumors, retinal tissue or other tissues or delivering other diagnostic or therapeutic agents to RGD binding sites in human or animal subjects.
1. A method for inhibiting α 3 β 1 -Integrin, α 5 β 1 -Integrin, α v β 3 -Integrin and α v β 5 -Integrin, and/or other integrins and/or for inhibiting bFGF production in a human or animal subject in need thereof, said method comprising the step of:
administering to the subject an effective amount of either:
i) a peptide which comprises Glycinyl-Arginyl-Glycinyl-Cysteic-Threonyl-Proline-COOH or
ii) a peptide which has the formula:
X 1 -R-G-Cysteic Acid-X
where X and X 1 are selected from: Phe-Val-Ala, -Phe-Leu-Ala, -Phe-Val-Gly, -Phe-Leu-Gly, -Phe-Pro-Gly, -Phe-Pro-Ala, -Phe-Val; or from Arg, Gly, Cysteic, Phe, Val, Ala, Leu, Pro, Thr and salts thereof and any combinations of D-isomers and L-isomers thereof.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method is carried out to bring about at least one treatment, therapeutic effect or diagnostic effect selected from the group consisting of:
treating a microbial infection; deterring entry of microbes into cells; inhibiting angiogenesis; inhibiting vascularization of tumors or neoplasms; inhibiting the production or availability of VEGF; inhibiting the adhesion, migration and/or proliferation of cells; treating inflammation; treating cancer, treating metastasis; directing or delivering a therapeutic or diagnostic agent to a tumor, treating thrombosis; causing vitreolysis; causing vitreoretinal detachment; facilitating performance of a vitrectomy; and facilitating wound healing.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method is carried out to treat a disorder of the eye which causes abnormal angiogenesis to occur within the eye.
4. A method for inhibiting α 3 β 1 -Integrin, α 5 β 1 -Integrin, α v β 3 -Integrin and α v β 5 -Integrin, and/or other integrins and/or for inhibiting bFGF production in a human or animal subject in need thereof, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound having the following general formula:
where X is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, Ph and SO 3 H and Y is independently selected from OH and NH 2 .
5. A method for inhibiting α 3 β 1 -Integrin, α 5 β 1 -Integrin, α v β 3 -Integrin and α v β 5 -Integrin, and/or other integrins and/or for inhibiting bFGF production in a human or animal subject in need thereof, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound having the following general formula:
where X is selected from: H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, Ph or SO 3 H; Y is selected from OH or NH 2 .
6. A method for inhibiting α 3 β 1 -Integrin, α 5 β 1 -Integrin, α v β 3 -Integrin, and α v β 5 -Integrin, and/or other integrins and/or for inhibiting bFGF production in a human or animal subject in need thereof, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound having the following general formula:
wherein X′ is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl and —SO 3 H;
Y is selected from OH and NH 2 ; and
Z is selected from H and methyl.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method is carried out to treat a viral or other microbial infection.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the method is carried out to treat ebolavirus infection.
9. A method according to claim 1 further comprising administering to the subject an agent which inhibits, binds, traps or scavenges VEGF.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF is selected from; bevacizumab (Avastin), ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea).
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein the peptide is administered in an amount that is further effective to inhibit tyrosine kinase.
12. A method according to claim 9 wherein the peptide is administered in an amount that is further effective to cause posterior vitreoretinal detachment.
13. A method according to claim 9 wherein the method is carried out to treat a disorder which causes excessive vascularization of the retina of the subject's eye.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the disorder is selected from Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Macular Edema, proliferative or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, idiopathic macular hole, vitreomacular traction, age related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, vein occlusion, corneal neovascularization, ischemic optic nerve and rubiosis iridis.
15. A method according to claim 13 wherein the peptide is administered by intravireal injection.
16. A method according to claim 9 wherein the peptide and the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF are combined and administered in a single intravitreal injection.
17. A method according to claim 9 wherein the peptide and the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF are administered in separate intravitreal injections.
18. A method according to claim 1 wherein the peptide comprises Glycine-Arginine-Glycine-Cysteic(Acid)-Threonine-Proline.
19. A method according to claim 9 wherein the peptide comprises Glycine-Arginine-Glycine-Cysteic(Acid)-Threonine-Proline.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF comprises bevacizumab (Avastin).
21. A method according to claim 19 wherein the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF comprises ranibizumab (Lucentis).
22. A method according to claim 19 wherein the agent which inhibits, binds, blocks or scavenges VEGF comprises aflibercept (Eylea).
23. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method is carried out to inhibit angiogenesis in a vascularized tumor.
24. A method according to claim 23 wherein the tumor is cancerous.
25. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method is carried out to deter metastasis.
26. A method according to claim 1 wherein the peptide is administered in an amount that is effective to deter bFGF production.
27. A method according to claim 1 wherein the peptide is administered in an amount that is effective to cause liquefaction of vitreous humor.
28. A method according to claim 1 wherein the peptide is administered in an amount that is effective to cause posterior vitreo-retinal detachment.