Antimicrobial solid and methods of making and using same
A solid material adapted to kill bacteria in planktonic, spore and biofilm states is lethal toward a wide spectrum of gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as other microbes. The solid material includes a significant amount of one or more surfactants entrained in a crosslinked polymeric network.
1. An antimicrobial solid comprising a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer network that is an amorphous, spongy solid which comprises some pores having diameters of at least 10 μm and some pores having diameters of less than about 0.85 μm and one or more ionic surfactants entrained in said spongy solid network.
2. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said polymer network comprises one or more polyelectrolytes.
3. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said polymer network consists essentially of polyelectrolytes.
4. An article comprising the antimicrobial solid of claim 1 .
5. The antimicrobial solid of claim 2 wherein said one or more polyelectrolytes are hygroscopic.
6. The antimicrobial solid of claim 2 wherein said one or more polyelectrolytes comprise a strong polyelectrolyte.
7. The antimicrobial solid of claim 6 wherein said strong polyelectrolyte is polysodium styrene sulfonate.
8. The antimicrobial solid of claim 2 wherein said one or more polyelectrolytes comprise a weak polyelectrolyte.
9. The antimicrobial solid of claim 8 wherein said weak polyelectrolyte is selected from polyacrylic acid, pectin, carrageenan, an alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylchitosan, and carboxymethylcellulose.
10. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said polymer network comprises one or more polyampholytes.
11. The antimicrobial solid of claim 10 wherein said one or more polyampholytes comprises a hydrogel prepared from materials that comprise sodium acrylate and trimethylmethacryloyloxyethylammonium iodide, 2-hydroxyethylmeth-acrylate, or 1-vinyl-3(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium betaine.
12. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said one or more entrained surfactants are present in an amount of up to 10 weight percent based on the weight of said solid.
13. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said solid is free of active antimicrobial agents.
14. The antimicrobial solid of claim 1 wherein said pores are connected by tortuous paths.
15. The antimicrobial solid of claim 14 wherein said solid is adapted for use as a filter.