Radiofrequency perforation apparatus

1. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus for creating a channel at a target location in a body of a patient, said radiofrequency perforation apparatus comprising:

an electrically conductive substantially tubular member defining a tubular member lumen;

an end member partially positioned within said tubular member lumen at a distal end of said tubular member, said end member being electrically coupled to said tubular member to receive electrical energy therefrom, said end member including an electrode, wherein said end member extends distally relative to said distal end of said tubular member; and

an electrical insulator extending along said substantially tubular member.

2. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said electrical insulator includes a first electrically insulating layer at least partially covering said substantially tubular member and a second electrically insulating layer at least partially covering said end member, said second electrically insulating layer being thinner than said first electrically insulating layer.

3. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said electrode is substantially atraumatic.

4. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said electrical insulator extends along at least a portion of said end member with said electrode substantially deprived from said electrical insulator.

5. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 4 , wherein said end member further defines an end member lumen, said end member lumen being in fluid communication with said tubular member lumen, and wherein said end member and said electrical insulator define an aperture extending substantially radially outwardly from said end member lumen through said electrical insulator.

6. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said radiofrequency perforation apparatus comprises a distal tip having a substantially bullet-shaped configuration.

7. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said electrode is mechanically coupled to a portion of said end member external to said tubular member lumen.

8. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said electrode is integral with said end member.

9. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said substantially tubular member and said end member are coupled to each other using a method selected from the group consisting of welding, soldering, friction fitting, and using adhesives.

10. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein a total length of said substantially tubular member and said end member partially positioned therein is from about 30 cm to about 100 cm.

11. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said substantially tubular member has a tubular member length of about 50 cm to about 100 cm and said end member has an end member length of about 2.5 cm to about 10 cm.

12. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said substantially tubular member has a tubular member outer diameter of about 1.15 mm to about 1.35 mm and said end member has an end member outer diameter of about 0.40 mm to about 0.80 mm.

13. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said substantially tubular member is made out of stainless steel.

14. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said end member is made out of a nickel-titanium alloy.

15. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said end member further defines an end member lumen, a tubular member lumen diameter of said tubular member lumen and an end member lumen diameter of said end member lumen being substantially similar for reducing turbulence in fluids flowing through said tubular member lumen and said end member lumen.

16. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said end member further defines an end member lumen, said end member lumen being in fluid communication with said tubular member lumen, and wherein said end member defines a closed distal end.

17. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said radiofrequency perforation apparatus includes a substantially rectilinear section and a curved section extending from said substantially rectilinear section.

18. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein said substantially rectilinear section is made out of a stainless steel and wherein said curved section is made out of nickel-titanium alloy.

19. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said end member further defines an end member lumen, said end member lumen being in fluid communication with said tubular member lumen, and wherein said end member defines an aperture extending substantially radially outwardly from said end member lumen.

20. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 19 , wherein at least a portion of said tubular member and said end member together define a curved section defining a center of curvature, said aperture extending from said end member lumen substantially towards said center of curvature.

21. A radiofrequency perforation apparatus as defined in claim 19 , wherein said end member defines an end member inner surface, said end member inner surface being substantially covered with an inner surface electrically insulating material.