Carbon-based fluorescent tracers as oil reservoir nano-agents
Carbon-based fluorescent nano-agent tracers for analysis of oil reservoirs are provided. The carbon-based fluorescent nano-agents being inexpensive means of analyzing, among other properties, the porosity of a formation. The nanoagents are suitable for injection into a petroleum reservoir and can be subsequently recovered for determinations of flow rates and retention times.
1. A fluorescent nanoagent for use in a subsurface petroleum reservoir, the nanoagent comprising:
a carbon-based nanoparticle core, said nanoparticle core having an average diameter of less than 100 nm and a net surface charge of −25 mV;
wherein said nanoparticle core includes a plurality of functional groups appended to the surface thereof, wherein the functional groups are amino alcohols; and
wherein the fluorescent nanoagent is detectable at a concentration of about 0.001 ppm.
2. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based nanoparticle core has an average diameter of less than 75 nm.
3. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups appended the surface of the fluorescent nanoagent can be excited at a wavelength between 400 nm and 500 nm.
4. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the functional group appended to the surface of the nanoparticle core is selected from methanolamine, ethanolamine, and propanolamine.
5. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the functional group appended to the surface of the nanoparticle core is ethanolamine.
6. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the functional group is appended to the surface of the nanoparticle core is appended with an amide linkage.
7. A method for the preparation of the fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 for use in a subsurface petroleum reservoir, the method comprising the steps of:
heating an aqueous solution of glucose under high pressure at a temperature of at least about 150° C. for at least about 4 hours;
adding a amino alcohol to the solution and refluxing the resulting mixture for a period of at least about 10 hours,
collecting a solid product comprising carbon-based nanoparticles having fluorescent functional groups attached to the surface thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the amino alcohol is selected from methanolamine, ethanolamine, and propanolamine.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the amino alcohol is ethanolamine.
10. A fluorescent nanoagent for use in a subsurface petroleum reservoir, the nanoagent consisting essentially of:
a carbon-based nanoparticle core, said nanoparticle core having an average diameter of 50 nm and a net surface charge of −21 mV;
wherein said nanoparticle core includes a plurality of ethanolamine groups appended to the surface thereof; and
wherein the fluorescent nanoagent is detectable at a concentration of about 0.001 ppm.
11. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functional groups is present in an amount of between 50% and 90% by weight.
12. The fluorescent nanoagent of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of ethanolamine groups is present in an amount of between 50% and 90% by weight.