Four-ring compound having a plurality of CF

1. A compound represented by formula (1):

wherein

R 1 is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—or —S—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by halogen;

ring A 1 , ring A 2 and ring A 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen has been replaced by halogen, tetrahydropyran -2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine-2,5-diyl;

Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —COO—, —OCO —, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —(CH 2 ) 2 CF 2 O—, —(CH 2 ) 2 OCF 2 —, —CF 2 O(CH 2 ) 2 —, —OCF 2 (CH 2 ) 2 —, —CH═CH—(CH 2 ) 2 —or —(CH 2 ) 2 —CH═CH—, and at least two of Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are —CF 2 O—or —OCF 2 —;

L 1 and L 2 are independently hydrogen or halogen, and at least one of L 1 and L 2 is halogen; and

X 1 is hydrogen, halogen, —C≡N, —N═C═S, —SF 5 or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O — or —S—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by halogen.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein any one of Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 is a single bond.

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by any one of formulas (1-2) to (1-4):

wherein R 2 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine; ring A 4 , ring A 5 and ring A 6 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen has been replaced by halogen, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 2 is fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine.

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by any one of formulas (1-2-1) to (1-4-1):

wherein R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—; ring A 7 , ring A 8 and ring A 9 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 3 is fluorine, —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by any one of formulas (1-2- 1- 1) to (1-2-1-8), formulas (1-3- 1- 1) to (1-3-1-8) and formulas (1-4- 1- 1) to (1-4-1-8):

wherein R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—, and at least one of —(CH 2 ) 2 — may be replaced by —CH═CH—; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 and Y 6 are independently hydrogen or fluorine; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 3 is fluorine, —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .

6. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein in formulas (1-2-1-1) to (1-2-1-8), R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 and Y 6 independently independently hydrogen or fluorine; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 3 is fluorine, —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .

7. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein in formulas (1-3-1-1) to (1-3-1-8), R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 and Y 6 independently hydrogen or fluorine; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 3 is fluorine, —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .

8. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein in formulas (1-4-1-1) to (1-4-1-8), R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 and Y 6 are independently hydrogen or fluorine; L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, and at least one of L 3 and L 4 is fluorine; and X 3 is fluorine, —CF 3 or —OCF 3 .

9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by any one of formulas (1-2-1-8-1) and (1-2-1-2-1):

wherein R 4 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons.

10. A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one compound according to claim 1 .

11. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (2) to (4):

wherein

R 5 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—;

X 4 is fluorine, chlorine, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 F, —CF═F 2 , —OCF 2 CHF 2 or —OCF 2 CHFCF 3 ;

ring B 1 , ring B 2 and ring B 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl;

Z 4 and Z 5 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —COO—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CH 2 O— or—(CH 2 ) 4 —, and Z 4 and Z 5 are not simultaneously —CF 2 O—or —OCF 2 —; and

L 5 and L 6 are independently hydrogen or fluorine.

12. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (5):

wherein

R 6 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—;

X 5 is —C≡N or —C≡C—C≡N;

ring C 1 , ring C 2 and ring C 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl;

Z 6 is a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —C≡C—, —COO—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 — or —CH 2 O—;

L 7 and L 8 are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and

o is 0, 1 or 2, p is 0 or 1, the sum of o and p is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

13. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (6) to (11):

wherein

R 7 and R 8 are independently alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, and at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O —;

ring D 1 , ring D 2 , ring D 3 and ring D 4 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl;

Z 7 , Z 8 , Z 9 and Z 10 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —COO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 — or —OCF 2 (CH 2 ) 2 —;

L 9 and L 10 are independently fluorine or chlorine; and

q, r, s, t, u and v are independently 0 or 1, and the sum of r, s, t and u is 1 or 2.

14. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (12) to (14):

wherein

R 9 and R 10 are independently alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—;

ring E 1 , ring E 2 and ring E 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,5-difluoro- 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; and

Z 11 and Z 12 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 , —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or —COO—.

15. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 11 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (12) to (14)

wherein

R 9 and R 10 are independently alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—;

ring E 1 , ring E 2 and ring E 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; and

Z 11 and Z 12 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 , —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or —COO—.

16. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 13 , further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (12) to (14)

wherein

R 9 and R 10 are independently alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl and the alkenyl, at least one of —CH 2 — may be replaced by —O—;

ring E 1 , ring E 2 and ring E 3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl; and

Z 11 and Z 12 are independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or —COO—.

17. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of an optically active compound, a polymerizable compound, and an optically active compound and a polymerizable compound.

18. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 , further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light absorber, and an antioxidant and an ultraviolet light absorber.

19. A liquid crystal display device containing the liquid crystal composition according to claim 10 .