Pressurized water reactor compact steam generator
View Patent ↗A steam generator system for a pressurized water reactor which employs an external to containment steam drum and recirculation loop piping. The steam generator system changes the arrangement of a typical pressurized water reactor recirculation steam generator by relocating the functions of steam separation and feedwater preheating outside of the reactor coolant system. The steam generator system and thermal hydraulic conditions are selected in order to minimize the size of the steam generator heat exchanger component volume inside of the containment. The external steam drum component can be isolated in accident conditions when desired and is used as a source of secondary fluid inventory for improved decay heat removal capability and tolerance for loss of feedwater events. Thus, the steam generator component volume inside of the containment is reduced and the amount of maintenance required for the reactor coolant system components are similarly reduced.
1. A steam generator for a pressurized water nuclear reactor system including a reactor pressure vessel housing a nuclear core, the steam generator comprising:
a heat exchanger housed within a first pressure vessel, having a primary and secondary side for respectively isolating a primary fluid medium from a secondary fluid medium while, at least in part, maintaining the secondary fluid medium in a heat exchange relationship with the primary fluid medium, the primary side configured to be in fluid communication with the nuclear core; and
a steam drum including a second pressure vessel configured to be in fluid communication with the secondary side of the heat exchanger wherein in operation the first pressure vessel is maintained at a higher primary pressure than a secondary pressure of the second pressure vessel.
2. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein the first pressure vessel is housed within a reactor containment that houses a primary coolant loop of the pressurized water nuclear reactor system and the second pressure vessel is housed outside the reactor containment.
3. The steam generator of claim 2 wherein the first pressure vessel is the reactor pressure vessel that houses the core, the heat exchanger and a primary coolant loop and the primary fluid medium is a reactor coolant.
4. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein the steam drum includes the second pressure vessel rated for secondary design pressure, moisture separation equipment housed within the second pressure vessel, a feedwater distribution device and flow nozzles respectively for wet steam, feedwater, recirculating liquid and dry steam.
5. The steam generator of claim 4 wherein the steam drum includes one or more of a secondary blowdown device, a sludge collector and a loose parts trap.
6. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein the steam drum is connected to the heat exchanger with a recirculation loop comprising a wet steam piping segment connecting a wet steam outlet of the heat exchanger to a wet steam nozzle inlet to the second pressure vessel, a recirculating liquid piping segment connecting a recirculating liquid outlet nozzle on the second pressure vessel with a sub-cooled recirculation input on the heat exchanger.
7. The steam generator of claim 6 wherein the recirculating liquid piping includes a recirculation pump.
8. The steam generator of claim 6 wherein the wet steam piping segment and the recirculating liquid piping segment respectively include isolation valves for isolating the heat exchanger from the steam drum and the recirculation loop is rated for the primary pressure between the heat exchanger and the isolation valves and for the secondary pressure between the isolation valves and the steam drum.
9. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein the steam drum is supported at a higher elevation than the heat exchanger.
10. The steam generator of claim 1 wherein the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes and a hot leg that extend between one or more tube sheets through which one or more of the primary fluid and the secondary fluid medium flow.
11. The steam generator of claim 10 wherein the primary fluid medium and the secondary fluid medium flow in a countercurrent relationship.