Agonists of GPR131 and uses thereof
Chemical compounds which act as agonists of, or otherwise modulate the activity of, GPR131 are disclosed. Related compositions, formulations and methods of use are also described.
1. A compound of Formula (I)
or a derivative thereof, wherein
A is H, —OH, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
B is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which may be optionally substituted, or B is —(CR a1 R a2 ) i O(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i C(O)(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(O)(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(O) 2 (CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i N(R a5 )(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —C(O)C(R a1 R a2 ) i S—, or absent;
D is H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
E is —(CR b1 R b2 ) k O—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k C(O)—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k OC(O)—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k S—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k S(O)—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k S(O) 2 —, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k N(R b3 )—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k C(O)N(R b3 )—, —(CR b1 R b2 ) k S(O) 2 N(R b3 )—, or absent;
G is —(CR c1 R c2 ) m —, —C(O)—, or optionally substituted alkenyl;
L is H, —OH, halo, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
W is CR 1 or N;
each i, j, and k is independently 0, 1, or 2;
m is 1, 2, or 3;
each R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R a4 , R a5 , R b1 , R b2 , R c1 , and R c2 is independently H, F, or optionally substituted alkyl;
R b3 is H or optionally substituted alkyl;
or R c1 and R b3 together with the atoms to which they are attached may form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; and
each R 1 is independently H, halo, cyano, amino, or optionally substituted alkyl; with the proviso that if G is —(CR c1 R c2 ) m — wherein R c1 and R c2 are both —CH 3 and m is 1, then E is not absent.
2. A compound of claim 1 , wherein A is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
3. A compound of claim 1 , wherein A is an optionally substituted alkyl.
4. A compound of claim 1 , wherein B is —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O)—, or —CH 2 S(O) 2 —.
5. A compound of claim 1 , wherein D is aryl or alkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
6. A compound of claim 1 , wherein E is —(CR b1 R b2 ) k C(O)N(R b3 )— and wherein R b3 is H or C 1-3 alkyl, and k is 0.
7. A compound of claim 1 , wherein G is —CH 2 —.
8. A compound of claim 1 , wherein L is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
9. A compound of claim 1 , wherein W is CR 1 wherein R 1 is H or C 1-3 alkyl.
10. A compound of claim 1 , wherein W is N.
11. A compound of claim 1 , wherein i is 1, j is 0, k is 0 or 1, and m is 1.
12. A compound of Formula (II)
or a derivate thereof, wherein
A is H, —OH, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
B is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, each of which may be optionally substituted, or B is —(CR a1 R a2 ) i O(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i C(O)(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(O)(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i S(O) 2 (CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —(CR a1 R a2 ) i N(R a5 )(CR a3 R a4 ) j —, —C(O)C(R a1 R a2 ) i S—, or absent;
D is H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
L is H, halo, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
W is CR 1 or N;
each i and j is independently 0, 1, or 2;
each R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R a4 , R a5 , R b3 , R c1 , and R c2 is independently H or optionally substituted alkyl, or R c1 and R b3 together with the atoms to which they are attached may form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; and
each R 1 is independently H, halo, or optionally substituted alkyl.
13. A compound of Formula (III)
or a derivate thereof, wherein
A is H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
L is H, halo, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted;
W is CR 1 or N;
each X is independently halo, cyano, sulfonamide, optionally substituted alkyl, —OR a , —NR a R b , —C(O)R a , —C(O)OR a , —C(O)NR a R b , —NR a C(O)R b , —SR a , —S(O)R a , —S(O) 2 R a , or —NR a S(O) 2 R b , wherein R a and R b are independently H or optionally substituted alkyl;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
each R b3 , R c1 , and R c2 is independently H or optionally substituted alkyl, or R c1 and R b3 together with the atoms to which they are attached may form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl; and
each R 1 is independently H, halo, or optionally substituted alkyl.
14. A compound selected from the group consisting of
N-Benzyl-2-((2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-N-methylmethanamine;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((3-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
4-((1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamido)methyl)-3-methylpyridine 1-oxide;
Ethyl 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-N-methylmethanamine;
N-(3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
(E)-N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(2,3,6-trifluorostyryl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)amino)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1-Ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((1-methylpiperidiN-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((methyl(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)amino)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((2,4-Dimethylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(2,3,6-trifluorophenethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((1-methylpyrrolidiN-3-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-(1-(1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-N-1,3-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3,6-trifluorophenethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2-methyl-1-oxo-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
4-(((1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methoxy)methyl)pyridine;
1-(1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)methanamine;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)propan-2-yl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-(2-Fluorophenethyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
(2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)(2-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
(2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)(2-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methanone;
tert-butyl 4-(((5-(((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)(methyl)carbamoyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)methyl)-3,5-difluorobenzoate;
4-(((5-(((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)(methyl)carbamoyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)methyl)-3,5-difluorobenzoic acid;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((3,3,3-trifluoro-2-oxopropyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((Cyclopropylmethyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(neopentylthio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(isobutylthio)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-((3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chlorobenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chlorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((3-Chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-ethylphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2,6-Dimethylbenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2-methylbenzyl)thio)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-cyclohexyl-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-N-methyl-1-neopentyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-(((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)thio)methyl)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)thio)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2-(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)propan-2-yl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
(E)-3-(1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-one;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)amino)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((pyridine-4-ylmethyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(methyl(2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)amino)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((4-Ethyl-2-methylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((1-methyl-5-phenoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((3-Chloro-4-fluorophenethyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-(4-(Dimethylamino)benzyl))-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-4-dimethyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((3-Chloro-4-fluorophenethyl)sulfonyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-N-((2-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluorophenethyl)sulfonyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-iodo-N-methyl-N-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-Bromo-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamine;
(2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)(2-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone;
(2-(2-Fluorophenethyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)(2-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone;
2-(Benzylthio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
5-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide;
5-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)thio)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
3-((2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-5-((2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)thio)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole;
4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)thio)-5-((2,3-difluorobenzyl)oxy)-4H-1,2,4-triazole;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)-sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((4-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)-sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-((2-methylthiazol-5-yl)methyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
4-(((1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methoxy)methyl)-pyridine;
2-((2-Fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((4-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2,5-Difluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-((2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-5-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((5-Chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-3,6-difluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-4,5-difluorobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-((2,3,5-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Chloro-6-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((5-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((2-Cyanobenzyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)thio)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-N-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
2-((6-Chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzyl)thio)-N-ethyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
4-((1-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-((2,3,6-trifluorobenzyl)thio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethoxy)methyl)pyridine;
2-((Benzo[d]oxazol-2-ylmethyl)thio)-N-((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(((3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)thio)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(((3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)thio)-N-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ylmethyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-((pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)thio)-M-imidazole-5-carboxamide;
N-((1,3-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-(((4-methylthiazol-2-yl)methyl)thio)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide; and
Ethyl 2-((5-(((1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)(methyl)carbamoyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)acetate;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of a compound of claim 1 effective to modulate GPR131, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
17. A method of treating a subject suffering from or at risk of a disease or condition for which GPR131 modulation provides a therapeutic benefit, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 .
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the disease is type 2 diabetes.
19. A method of treating a subject suffering from or at risk of a disease or condition for which GPR131 modulation provides a therapeutic benefit, comprising the concomitant administration of a compound of claim 1 and a DPP IV inhibitor.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the DPP IV inhibitor is sitagliptin or vildagliptin.