Electrical isolator circuit
View Patent ↗The invention discloses an electrical isolator circuit comprising: an input stage comprising a transmitter of an opto-isolator; and an output stage comprising: a receiver of the opto-isolator; an active circuit in series with the receiver between the receiver and a power rail of the output stage; a first resistor connected to an output of the active circuit, and an input for the application of a predetermined voltage to the active circuit, the output stage being configured such that a varying output voltage is developed across the first resistor in response to input of a high voltage AC signal to the input stage. Ideally the output stage is operable to clamp the voltage across the receiver at the level of the predetermined voltage, thereby allowing for an increase in the load resistor and variable output resistor without increasing the time constant to unacceptably having regards to switching requirements.
1. An electrical isolator circuit comprising:
an input stage comprising a transmitter of an opto-isolator; and
an output stage comprising:
a receiver of the opto-isolator;
an active circuit in series with the receiver between the receiver and a power rail of the output stage and having an impedance lower than an impedance of the receiver;
a first resistor connected to an output of the active circuit; and
an input for the application of a predetermined voltage to the active circuit, the output stage being configured such that a varying output voltage is developed across the first resistor in response to input of a high voltage AC signal to the input stage.
2. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the output stage is configured such that the voltage across the receiver is maintained substantially constant at the predetermined voltage.
3. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the output stage is configured such that the varying output voltage is level shifted by a voltage corresponding to the predetermined voltage.
4. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the active circuit and the receiver are in a high side configuration.
5. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the active circuit has first and second inputs, the first input forming an electrical connection for the series connection of receiver and active circuit, and the second input receiving the predetermined voltage.
6. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the impedance of the receiver is at least substantially two times higher than the impedance of the active circuit.
7. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the active circuit comprises an active load transistor.
8. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 7 , in which the receiver is a phototransistor and the active load transistor and the first resistor are in a cascode configuration with the first resistor operating as a resistive load.
9. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the active circuit is configured to operate in saturation.
10. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 1 , in which the transmitter comprises a Light Emitting Diode (LED).
11. An electrical isolator circuit comprising:
an input stage comprising a transmitter of an opto-isolator; and
an output stage comprising:
a receiver of the opto-isolator;
an active circuit in series with the receiver between the receiver and a power rail of the output stage;
a first resistor connected to an output of the active circuit; and
an input for the application of a predetermined voltage to the active circuit, the output stage configured such that a varying output voltage is developed across the first resistor in response to input of a high voltage AC signal to the input stage; and
a bistable circuit having an input coupled to an output of the active circuit and an output.
12. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 11 , in which the transmitter comprises a Light Emitting Diode (LED).
13. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 11 , in which the active circuit comprises an active load transistor.
14. An electrical isolator circuit comprising:
an input stage comprising a transmitter of an opto-isolator; and
an output stage comprising:
a receiver of the opto-isolator;
an active circuit in series with the receiver between the receiver and a power rail of the output stage;
a first resistor connected to an output of the active circuit;
an input for the application of a predetermined voltage to the active circuit, the output stage configured such that a varying analog output voltage is developed across the first resistor in response to input of a high voltage AC signal to the input stage; and
a signal determining circuit that is electrically connected to the output of the active circuit and that is operative to determine a location on the varying analog output voltage.
15. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 14 , in which the transmitter comprises a Light Emitting Diode (LED).
16. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 14 , in which the active circuit comprises an active load transistor.
17. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 14 , in which the signal determining circuit is configured for operation as a voltage level crossing detector.
18. An electrical isolator circuit according to claim 14 , in which the signal determining circuit is configured to compare the analog output voltage with a reference voltage.
19. An electrical isolator circuit comprising:
an input stage comprising a transmitter of an opto-isolator; and
an output stage comprising:
a receiver of the opto-isolator;
an active circuit in series with the receiver between the receiver and a power rail of the output stage;
a variable resistor connected to an output of the active circuit;
an input for the application of a predetermined voltage to the active circuit, the output stage being configured such that a varying output voltage is developed across the variable resistor in response to input of a high voltage AC signal to the input stage; and
a gain feedback circuit that is operable to vary a resistance of the variable resistor in dependence on the varying output voltage.
20. The electrical isolator circuit of claim 19 , in which the gain feedback circuit is operable to vary a resistance of the variable resistor in dependence on a value in the varying output voltage, the value of the varying output voltage being determined by at least one of an analogue to digital converter and a peak detect circuit.