Apparatus and method for testing sustained attention and delirium

1. A testing apparatus for testing a user's attention to distinguish delirium from dementia and normal cognition, comprising a stimulus provider and a controller for controlling the stimulus provider to provide at least one target stimulus, wherein the controller is configured to perform at least one operating procedure and the at least one operating procedure comprises controlling the stimulus provider to provide a sequence of target stimuli to the user, wherein

the controller is configured to control the stimulus provider to provide a delay between each target stimulus of the operating procedure and the delay between each target stimulus is between 2050 ms and 4050 ms;

each stimulus is provided for a duration in the range between 600 ms to 1400 ms;

the sequence consists of between 1 and 14 of the target stimuli;

a combination of the delay, the duration and number of target stimuli in the sequence is selected to distinguish delirium from dementia and normal cognition; and

the operating procedure comprises a counting test and the apparatus comprises an input device configured to receive a user count of the number of the target stimuli in the sequence in a form of a single response, the input device comprising at least one of: a data input device for an operator to enter the response, or a user input device for the user to enter the response.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the delay between stimuli is at least one of variable or random.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one operating procedure lasts for a duration of between 7 seconds and 180 seconds.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one distracter for providing distraction stimuli during the at least one operating procedure.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 that comprises a housing for housing the apparatus, wherein the housing has a substantially plain surface, the stimulus provider is provided on the substantially plain surface, and the substantially plain surface excludes any user input devices or the stimulus provider other than those used for testing attention or receiving a user assessment.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the stimulus provider comprises at least one light provided on the surface of the housing.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising means for directing a user's attention to a predetermined location, wherein the predetermined location is a fixation point.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising cueing device for alerting a user that a stimulus will be provided, before the stimulus is actually provided.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to perform a test comprising a plurality of operating procedures, and each operating procedure in the test is different to at least one other operating procedure in the test.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein each operating procedure in the test has a different expected level of difficulty for the user to at least one other operating procedure in the test.

11. A system for determining a measure of a user's sustained attention comprising the apparatus according to claim 1 , in which the controller is configured to perform a plurality of operating procedures to obtain a plurality of the responses, and a processor for processing the responses to determine a measure of the user's sustained attention, wherein the processor is configured to compare the measure of the user's sustained attention determined to a threshold and to provide an output signal in dependence on the comparison, wherein the output signal is representative of an indication that the user may suffer from delirium.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises at least one of: a tablet computer, smart phone or other portable computing device.

13. A method of testing a user's sustained attention, comprising performing at least one operating procedure that comprises providing a sequence of between 1 and 14 target stimuli to the user and monitoring the user's response to the target stimuli, wherein the method further comprises:

providing a delay between each target stimulus of the operating procedure and the delay between each target stimulus is between 2050 ms and 4050 ms;

providing each stimulus for a duration in the range between 600 ms to 1400 ms;

selecting a combination of the delay, the duration and number of target stimuli to distinguish delirium from dementia and normal cognition;

performing a counting test comprising receiving a user count of the number of target stimuli in the sequence in a form of a single response; and

determining the presence of delirium based on a result of the counting test.

14. A testing apparatus for testing a user's attention, comprising at least one stimulus providing means and a controller for controlling the stimulus providing means to provide at least one target stimulus, wherein the controller is configured to perform at least one operating procedure and the at least one operating procedure comprises controlling the stimulus providing means to provide a sequence of target stimuli to the user, wherein

the controller is configured to control the stimulus providing means to provide a delay between each target stimulus of the operating procedure and the delay between each target stimulus is between 2050 ms and 4050 ms;

each stimulus is provided for a duration in the range between 600 ms to 1400 ms;

the sequence consists of between 1 and 14 of the target stimuli;

a combination of the delay, the duration and number of target stimuli in the sequence is selected to distinguish delirium from dementia and normal cognition; and

the operating procedure comprises a counting test and the apparatus comprises an input means configured to receive a user count of the number of the target stimuli in the sequence in a form of a single response, the input means comprising at least one of: a data input means for an operator to enter the response, or a user input means for the user to enter the response.