Laminated diffractive optical element and optical system

1. A laminated diffractive optical element comprising:

plural diffraction gratings laminated with each other, the respective diffraction gratings being formed of a same light-transmissive material; and

plural reflective films formed on grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings, each of the reflective films being disposed between the diffraction gratings,

wherein each of the reflective films reflects light in a specific wavelength range and transmits light in a wavelength range different from the specific wavelength range, the specific wavelength ranges for the respective reflective films being different from each other,

wherein the grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings are formed in mutually different blazed shapes according to the specific wavelength ranges for the respective reflective films, and

wherein the grating surfaces include at least (a) a first grating surface that diffracts and reflects a first light in a first wavelength range as the specific wavelength range and transmits, without diffracting, light in a wavelength range other than the first wavelength range and (b) a second grating surface that diffracts and reflects a second light in a second wavelength range as the specific wavelength range and transmits, without diffracting, light in a wavelength range other than the second wavelength range.

2. A laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein annular zone intervals and grating heights on the grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings on a same incident ray axis are different from each other.

3. A laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 2 , wherein:

from a light entrance side, the first grating surface and the second grating surface are disposed in this order or in an order reverse thereto,

a first reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the first grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range from ultraviolet to blue and a second reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the second grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range from red to infrared,

a third grating surface is disposed on a side opposite to the light entrance side with respect to the first and second grating surfaces, and

a third reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the third grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range transmitted through the reflective films formed on the first and second grating surfaces.

4. A laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 1 , wherein:

from a light entrance side, the first grating surface and the second grating surface are disposed in this order or in an order reverse thereto,

a first reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the first grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range from ultraviolet to blue and a second reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the second grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range from red to infrared,

a third grating surface is disposed on a side opposite to the light entrance side with respect to the first and second grating surfaces, and

a third reflective film, among the plural reflective films, on the third grating surface reflects light in a wavelength range transmitted through the reflective films formed on the first and second grating surfaces.

5. A laminated diffractive optical element, where light having at least three mutually different spectral peak wavelengths enters, the laminated diffractive optical element comprising:

plural diffraction gratings, whose number corresponds to the number of the peak wavelengths, laminated in close contact with each other,

wherein a grating surface of each of the diffraction gratings is formed between mutually different light-transmissive materials disposed on a light entrance side and on a light exit side,

wherein the grating surfaces of the diffraction gratings are formed in mutually different blazed shapes each corresponding to one of the peak wavelengths, and

wherein, when N representing the number of the peak wavelengths of the light entering the optical element is three or more, λ i represents an i-th peak wavelength among the peak wavelengths, where i=1 to N and λ i >λ i+1 , n j (λ) represents a refractive index for a wavelength λ of a j-th light-transmissive material among the light transmissive materials disposed on the light entrance side and the light exit side of each diffraction grating, where j=1 to N+1, and the j-th light-transmissive material is disposed further on the light entrance as j is smaller,

dispersion characteristics of the respective light-transmissive materials for wavelengths satisfy the following relationships:

when j=i, n j (λ 1 )< n j+1 (λ i ),

when j>i and j≦N, n j (λ i )= n j+1 (λ i ), and

when j<i, n j (λ i )= n j+1 (λ i ).

6. A laminated diffractive optical element according to claim 5 , wherein annular zone intervals and grating heights on the grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings on a same incident ray axis are different from each other.

7. An optical system comprising:

an image pickup element; and

a laminated diffractive optical element comprising:

plural diffraction gratings laminated with each other, the respective diffraction gratings being formed of a same light-transmissive material; and

plural reflective films formed on grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings, each of the reflective films being disposed between the diffraction gratings,

wherein each of the reflective films reflects light in a specific wavelength range and transmits light in a wavelength range different from the specific wavelength range, the specific wavelength ranges for the respective reflective films being different from each other,

wherein the grating surfaces of the respective diffraction gratings are formed in mutually different blazed shapes according to the specific wavelength ranges for the respective reflective films, and

wherein the grating surfaces include at least (a) a first grating surface that diffracts and reflects a first light in a first wavelength range as the specific wavelength range and transmits, without diffracting, light in a wavelength range other than the first wavelength range and (b) a second grating surface that diffracts and reflects a second light in a second wavelength range as the specific wavelength range and transmits, without diffracting, light in a wavelength range other than the second wavelength range.

8. An optical system comprising:

an image pickup element; and

a laminated diffractive optical element, where light having at least three mutually different spectral peak wavelengths enters,

wherein the laminated diffractive optical element comprises:

plural diffraction gratings, whose number corresponds to the number of the peak wavelengths, laminated in close contact with each other,

wherein a grating surface of each of the diffraction gratings is formed between mutually different light-transmissive materials disposed on a light entrance side and on a light exit side,

wherein the grating surfaces of the diffraction gratings are formed in mutually different blazed shapes each corresponding to one of the peak wavelengths, and

wherein, when N representing the number of the peak wavelengths of the light entering the optical element is three or more, λ i represents an i-th peak wavelength among the peak wavelengths, where i=1 to N and λ i >λ i+1 , n j (λ) represents a refractive index for a wavelength λ of a j-th light-transmissive material among the light transmissive materials disposed on the light entrance side and the light exit side of each diffraction grating, where j=1 to N+1, and the j-th light-transmissive material is disposed further on the light entrance as j is smaller,

dispersion characteristics of the light-transmissive materials satisfy the following relationships:

when j=i, n j (λ i )< n j+1 (λ i ),

when j>i and j≦N, n j (λ i )= n j+1 (λ i ), and

when j<i, n j (λ i )= n j+1 (λ i ).