Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure

1. A method for evaluating and treating renal status in a subject, comprising:

obtaining a body fluid sample from a subject selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future or current acute renal injury;

performing an analyte binding assay configured to detect C-X-C motif chemokine 2 by introducing the body fluid sample obtained from the subject into an assay instrument which (i) contacts all or a portion of the body fluid sample with a specific binding reagent which specifically binds C-X-C motif chemokine 2, and (ii) generates an assay result indicative of binding of C-X-C motif chemokine 2 to the specific binding reagent;

displaying the assay result generated by the assay instrument in a human-readable form; and

correlating the assay result to the renal status of the subject by assigning the subject to a predetermined subpopulation of individuals having a known predisposition of a future acute renal injury, the assignment made by comparing the assay result or a value derived therefrom to a threshold value obtained from a population study, wherein the threshold separates the population into a first subpopulation above the threshold which is at an increased predisposition for future acute renal injury meeting the definition of RIFLE I or F within 48 hours of the time the body fluid sample is obtained relative to a second subpopulation below the threshold; and

treating the subject based on the predetermined subpopulation of individuals to which the subject is assigned, wherein when the assay result or value derived therefrom is above the threshold value, the subject is treated by one or more of initiating renal replacement therapy, withdrawing delivery of compounds that are known to be damaging to the kidney, delaying or avoiding procedures that are known to be damaging to the kidney, and modifying diuretic administration.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of assay results for a plurality of biomarkers, one of which plurality of assay results is the assay result indicative of binding of C-X-C motif chemokine 2 to the specific binding reagent, are combined using a function that converts the plurality of assay results into a single composite result, and the assay results displayed in human readable form comprise the single composite result.

3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on the pre-existence in the subject of one or more known risk factors for prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal ARF.

4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on an existing diagnosis of one or more of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration below the normal range, cirrhosis, serum creatinine above the normal range, sepsis, injury to renal function, reduced renal function, or ARF, or based on undergoing or having undergone major vascular surgery, coronary artery bypass, or other cardiac surgery, or based on exposure to NSAIDs, cyclosporines, tacrolimus, aminoglycosides, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobin, myoglobin, ifosfamide, heavy metals, methotrexate, radiopaque contrast agents, or streptozotocin.

5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the threshold separates the population into a first subpopulation above the threshold which is at an increased predisposition for future acute renal injury meeting the definition of RIFLE I or F within 24hours of the time the body fluid sample is obtained relative to a second subpopulation below the threshold.