Secondary battery, electrolytic solution, battery pack, electronic device, and electrical vehicle
A secondary battery capable of improving cycle characteristics, conservation characteristics, and load characteristics is provided. The secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. A separator provided between the cathode and the anode is impregnated with an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution includes one or more of a dicarbonic ester compound, a dicarboxylic compound, a disulfonic compound, a monofluoro lithium phosphate, and difluoro lithium phosphate and one or more of fluorinated lithium phosphate, fluorinated lithium borate, and imide lithium.
1. A secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution, wherein
the electrolytic solution includes a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, one or more of compounds represented by formulas (1), (2), (4) and (5), and one or more of compounds represented by formula (6) and formula (7):
where R1 and R3 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group partially substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group; or a halogenated group thereof, and where R2 is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, a divalent group having carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive and including an ether bond (—O—) and an alkylene group, or a halogenated group thereof
where R4 and R6 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group partially substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group; or a halogenated group thereof, and where R5 is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, a divalent group having carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive and including an ether bond and an alkylene group, or a halogenated group thereof
Li 2 PFO 3 (formula 4)
LiPF 2 O 2 (formula 5)
Li[PF m R10 6−m ] (formula 6)
where R10 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group. m is one of integer numbers from 0 to 5 both inclusive
Li[BF n R11 4−n ] (formula 7)
where R11 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group, n is one of integer numbers from 0 to 3 both inclusive.
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the formula (1) is one or more of formula (1-1) to formula (1-12),
the formula (2) is one or more of formula (2-1) to formula (2-17),
the formula (6) is one or more of Li[PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 ], Li[PF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 ], Li[PF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 ], Li[PF 4 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 ], Li[PF 5 (CF 3 )], Li[PF 5 (C 2 F 5 )], Li[PF 5 (C 3 F 7 )], Li[PF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 4 ], and Li[PF 2 (CF 3 ) 4 ], and
the formula (7) means one or more of Li[BF 3 (CF 3 )], Li[BF 3 (C 2 F 5 )], Li[BF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 ], Li[BF(CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[B(CF 3 ) 4 ], Li[BF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 ], Li[BF(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ], Li[B(C 2 F 5 ) 4 ], Li[BF 3 (C 3 F 7 )], Li[BF 2 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 ], Li[BF(C 3 F 7 ) 3 ], and Li[B(C 3 F 7 ) 4 ], wherein formulas (1-1) to (1-12) are as follows:
wherein formulas (2-1) to (2-9) are as follows:
wherein formulas (2-10) to (2-17) are as follows:
3. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
content of the compounds shown in the formula (1) to the formula (5) in the electrolytic solution is from 0.001 weight percent to 2 weight percent both inclusive, and content of the compounds shown in the formula (6) to the formula (8) in the electrolytic solution is from 0.01weight percent to 0.5 weight percent both inclusive.
4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the anode includes, as an anode active material, a carbon material, a lithium metal (Li), or a material being capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions and having one or more of metal elements and metalloid elements as constituent elements.
5. An electrolytic solution comprising:
a nonaqueous solvent;
an electrolyte salt;
one or more of compounds represented by formulas (1), (2), (4) and (5); and
one or more of compounds represented by formula (6) and formula(7), wherein
the electrolytic solution is used for a second battery
where R1 and R3 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group partially substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group; or a halogenated group thereof, and where R2 is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, a divalent group having carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive and including an ether bond (—O—) and an alkylene group, or a halogenated group thereof
where R4 and R6 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group partially substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group; or a halogenated group thereof, and where R5 is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group, an arylene group, a divalent group including an arylene group and an alkylene group, a divalent group having carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive and including an ether bond and an alkylene group, or a halogenated group thereof
Li 2 PFO 3 (4)
LiPF 2 O 2 (5)
Li[PF m R10 6−m ] (6)
where R10 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group, m is one of integer numbers from 0 to 5 both inclusive;
Li[BF n R11 4−n ] (7)
where R11 is a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroaryl group, n is one of integer numbers from 0 to 3 both inclusive.
6. A battery pack comprising:
the secondary battery according to claim 1 ;
a control section controlling the secondary battery; and
an outer package containing the secondary battery.
7. An electronic device, the electronic device being supplied with electric power from the secondary battery according to claim 1 .
8. An electrical vehicle comprising:
a conversion unit being supplied with electric power from the secondary battery according claim 1 , and converting the electric power to drive power of the vehicle; and
a control unit performing information processing related to vehicle control based on information of the secondary battery.