Security element, value document comprising such a security element, and method for producing such a security element

1. A security element for a security paper, comprising:

a carrier having an areal region which is divided into a multiplicity of pixels which respectively comprise at least one optically active facet,

the majority of said pixels respectively having several optically active facets of identical orientation per pixel, wherein the dimensions of the optically active facets are between 3 μm and 300 μm, and

said facets being so oriented that the areal region is perceptible to a viewer as an area that protrudes and/or recedes relative to its actual spatial form,

wherein there is formed on the facets, at least in certain regions, a color-shifting coating configured as a subwavelength grating.

2. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the facets is such that the areal region is perceptible to the viewer as a non-planar area.

3. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the optically active facets are configured as reflective facets.

4. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the optically active facets are configured as transmissive facets with a refractive effect.

5. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the optically active facets are so configured that the pixels have no optically diffractive effect.

6. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the area of each pixel is smaller than the area of the areal region by at least one order of magnitude.

7. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the facets are formed in a surface of the carrier.

8. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the facets are configured as embedded facets.

9. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the facets are configured as substantially planar area elements.

10. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the facets is determined by their inclination and/or their azimuth angle.

11. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the facets form a periodic or aperiodic grating, and the grating period of the facets is between 1 μm and 300 μm.

12. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein there is formed on the facets at least in certain regions a reflective or reflection-enhancing coating.

13. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein there is formed on the facets at least in certain regions a color-shifting coating.

14. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum extension of a pixel is between 5 μm and 5 mm.

15. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the areal region is perceptible to the viewer as an imaginary area whose reflection behavior or transmission behavior cannot be produced with a real bulged reflective or transmissive surface, and the areal region is perceptible as a rotating mirror.

16. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein at least one facet has a light-scattering microstructure on its surface.

17. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the orientations of several facets are so changed relative to the orientations for producing the protruding and/or receding area that the protruding and/or receding area is still perceptible but with a surface of matt appearance.

18. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein all of the pixels of the areal region respectively have several optically active facets of identical orientation per pixel.

19. The security element according to claim 1 , wherein the security element presents a multi-channel image that results in different images being perceptible by the viewer by the carrier having, besides the areal region, a further areal region interlaced with the areal region,

wherein the further areal region is divided into a multiplicity of pixels which each respectively comprise at least one optically active facet,

wherein the facets of the multiplicity of pixels of the further areal region are so oriented that the further areal region is perceptible to the viewer as a further area that protrudes or recedes relative to its actual spatial form to provide the different images to the viewer as including at least two different three-dimensional representations.

20. The security element according to claim 1 ,

wherein facets of a first portion of said pixels form a first grating having a first grating period and facets of a second portion of said pixels form a second grating having a second grating period, the first grating period being different than the second grating period.

21. The security element according to claim 1 ,

wherein facets of at least one of said pixels form an aperiodic grating or form a grating having a period that is not constant.

22. A method for making a security element for security papers comprising the steps:

a surface of a carrier is so height-modulated in an areal region that the areal region is divided into a multiplicity of pixels respectively having at least one optically active facet,

the majority of the pixels respectively have several optically active facets of identical orientation per pixel, wherein the dimensions of the optically active facets are between 3 μm and 300 μm, and

said facets are so oriented that the areal region is perceptible to a viewer of the security element as an area that protrudes and/or recedes relative to its actual spatial form,

wherein there is formed on the facets, at least in certain regions, a color-shifting coating configured as a subwavelength grating.

23. An embossing tool comprising an embossing area capable of embossing the form of the facets of the security element recited in claim 1 .