Barriers and films
View Patent ↗Provided herein are various bathers and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the barriers include a porous crystalline charge-transfer complex and a filler.
1. A resin composite comprising:
a flaked, oxygen resistant filler; and
a porous crystalline charge-transfer complex that is on the surface of the filler, wherein the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex comprises:
an organic acceptor;
an organic donor; and
a metal ion,
wherein the organic acceptor, the organic donor, and the metal ion are present in amounts sufficient to form the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex on the surface of the filler.
2. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler comprises a mineral-nanoflake filler.
3. The resin composite of claim 1 , further comprising polylactide.
4. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the acceptor molecule is at least one of tetracyanquinodimethane (TCNQ), trichloroethylene (TCE), or bis dithiobenzyl nickel.
5. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal ion is at least one of zinc, copper, iron, or nickel.
6. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler is at least one of nano-clay.
7. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler is at least one of montmorillonite, bentonite, smectite, or artificial smectite.
8. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler is contained within the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex.
9. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler is present at about 1% to about 5% by volume.
10. The resin composite of claim 1 , wherein the organic acceptor is present at about 0.1% by volume.
11. A food-grade gas barrier film comprising a resin composite according to claim 1 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler is suspended within the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex, wherein the gas barrier film has a water vapor permeability of about 10 to about 70 g/m 2 /day, and wherein the gas barrier film has an oxygen permeability of about 0.2 to about 20 cc/m 2 /day/atm.
12. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 11 , further comprising polylactide.
13. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 12 , wherein polylactide is present in an amount at least equal to an amount of the flaked, oxygen resistant filler.
14. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 11 , wherein the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex comprises pyridine.
15. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 11 , wherein the flaked, oxygen resistant filler comprises nano-clay.
16. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 11 , wherein the food-grade gas barrier film is a transparent film.
17. The food-grade gas barrier film of claim 11 , wherein the porous crystalline charge-transfer complex is present in an amount of at least 2 percent by weight.
18. A method of preparing a resin composite according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
obtaining a resin;
obtaining an acceptor molecule;
obtaining a metal ion;
obtaining a donor molecule;
obtaining a filler; and
mixing the filler, the metal ion, the donor molecule, the acceptor molecule and the resin together to form the resin composite.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the acceptor molecule is at least one of tetracyanquinodimethane (TCNQ), trichloroethylene (TCE), or bis dithiobenzyl nickel.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the donor molecule is at least one of bipyridine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF).
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the metal ion is at least one of zinc, copper, iron, or nickel.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the filler is at least one of nano-clay.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the nano-clay is obtained by delaminating a layered clay mineral.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the layered clay mineral is at least one of montmorillonite, bentonite, smectite, or artificial smectite.
25. The method of claim 18 , further comprising spreading the resin composite to form a film.
26. The method of claim 18 , further comprising polymerizing the resin by adding at least one polymerization catalyst.
27. A method of preserving food, the method comprising:
providing a food-grade gas barrier film according to claim 11 ; and
covering a food item with the food-grade gas barrier film, thereby preserving the food.