Membrane electrode assembly with integrated frame and fuel cell
Disclosed is a membrane electrode assembly provided with a polymer electrolyte membrane; a catalyst layer (A) which is laminated onto one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; a gas diffusion layer (A) which is laminated onto the catalyst layer (A); a catalyst layer (B); and a gas diffusion layer (B). The outer circumferential section of the catalyst layer (A) is the membrane electrode assembly with an integrated frame which comprises a membrane electrode assembly that protrudes from the gas diffusion layer (A) and a frame adhered to the outer circumferential section of the catalyst layer (A), whereby said frame surrounds the edge of the membrane electrode assembly. The surface that is adhered to the frame in the outer circumferential section of the catalyst layer (A) comprises a plurality of cracks.
1. A frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer A disposed on a first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a gas diffusion layer A disposed on the catalyst layer A, a catalyst layer B disposed on a second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a gas diffusion layer B disposed on the catalyst layer B, wherein an outer edge of the catalyst layer A protrudes outwardly beyond the gas diffusion layer A; and
a frame surrounding an edge of the membrane electrode assembly and adhered to the outer edge of the catalyst layer A,
wherein the catalyst layer A includes multiple cracks and multiple recesses in a surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A, the cracks reaching the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the recesses not reaching the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the cracks being further tapered from the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A toward the polymer electrolyte membrane,
wherein the catalyst layer A further includes multiple concaved portions formed on (i) wall surfaces of the cracks, (ii) wall surfaces of the recesses, and (iii) a remainder of the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A, and
wherein an area occupied by the multiple cracks in the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A is 10-25% of the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A, the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A being adhered to the frame.
2. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the catalyst layer A is 5-20 μm.
3. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein:
the catalyst layer A includes a carbon powder carrying a metal catalyst, and
a weight ratio of the carbon powder to the metal catalyst is 19:1 to 1:1.
4. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein:
an outer edge of the catalyst layer B protrudes outwardly beyond the gas diffusion layer B,
the frame is adhered to the outer edge of the catalyst layer B, and
the catalyst layer B includes multiple cracks in a surface of the outer edge, the surface being adhered to the frame.
5. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the frame is separated from the gas diffusion layer A and the gas diffusion layer B.
6. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a width of each of the multiple cracks in the surface of the outer edge of the catalyst layer A is 5-300 μm.
7. The frame-integrated membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1 ,
wherein the catalyst layer A is made by a method comprising:
preparing a paste material containing a carbon powder carrying a metal catalyst, a binder, and a solvent, a weight ratio of the carbon powder to the metal catalyst being 19:1 to 1:1, a weight ratio of the carbon powder to the binder being 5:1 to 1:2, a concentration of solid content consisting of the metal catalyst, the carbon powder, and the binder in the paste being 15 to 25 wt %;
applying the paste material; and
drying the applied paste material,
wherein a drying rate of the paste material is 2.5 to 20 mg/cm 2 ·min,
wherein a drying temperature for the paste material is 40-100° C., and
wherein a drying period for the paste material is 1-5 minutes.