Drug delivery
A method and apparatus ( 100 ) of treating tissue adjacent a bodily conduit using thermotherapy, while preventing obstructions of the bodily conduit due to edema, includes injection of a drug-encapsulated within a heat-sensitive carrier, such as a liposome, within a region of tissue to be treated. The heat produced by the energy-emitting source ( 110 ) heats a portion of the tissue surrounding the bodily conduit to a temperature of approximately 43° C. for a time sufficient to destroy the heated portion of the tissue. In addition, the heat produced by the energy-emitting source ( 110 ) activates the heat-sensitive carrier to activate the release of the encapsulated drug and the drug targets the tissue to be heated. The focused energy of the energy-emitting source together with the compression acting on the target area can assist in delivering drugs to the target area so that a natural stent has a long term efficacy.
1. A method of drug delivery to tissue, comprising:
inserting into a bodily conduit a catheter such that the catheter is placed adjacent to tissue to be treated, the catheter defining a central lumen; the catheter comprising energy-emitting source disposed within the central lumen of the catheter;
inflating the compression balloon with a warmed fluid to a pressure sufficient to expand the bodily conduit and compress the tissue to be treated; the inflating including circulating the warmed fluid through the compression balloon and then out of the compression balloon and into the central lumen of the catheter where the energy-emitting source is disposed;
providing a drug encapsulated within a heat-sensitive liposome; and
preferentially heating with the energy-emitting source the tissue to be treated to destroy at least a portion of the tissue to be treated and also to activate the heat-sensitive liposome to release the encapsulated drug such that the drug targets the tissue to be treated; the preferentially heating including the steps of
applying a shielding material to at least a portion of the catheter or the compression balloon to absorb the emitted energy; and
electrically grounding the shielding material to dissipate the absorbed energy.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the warmed fluid is above approximately 30° C.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the temperature of the-warmed fluid is in the range of approximately 30° C. to approximately 60° C.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the heating step comprises heating the at least a portion of the tissue to be treated to a temperature of approximately 43° C.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the tissue to be treated is the prostate.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the drug encapsulated within the heat-sensitive liposome treats prostatitis.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the releasing step comprises injecting the drug encapsulated within the heat-sensitive liposome into the bloodstream of a patient.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the inflated compression balloon maintains pressure of about 10-25 psi during at least a portion of the thermotherapy.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising deflating the compression balloon and removing the catheter from the bodily conduit.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the warmed fluid is sufficient to denature proteins of the bodily conduit walls and allow the bodily conduit walls to conform to the expanded shape of the bodily conduit created by the inflated compression balloon, such that the expanded bodily conduit walls do not return to their previous shape after the compression balloon is deflated and removed from the bodily conduit.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the expanded bodily conduit walls remain expanded after the compression balloon is deflated and removed.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the energy-emitting source comprises a microwave antenna.
13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
terminating the heating;
maintaining the pressure in the compression balloon after terminating the heating and for a period of time sufficient to reinforce the expanded position of the bodily conduit walls; and
removing the catheter from the bodily conduit.
14. The method of claim 1 , further the step of heating further comprising moving the energy-emitting source.