GENOTYPE SPECIFIC METHODS FOR TREATING HUMAN SUBJECTS USING 4-METHYLPYRAZOLE
Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of genetic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these subpopulations.
1 . A method for preventing or ameliorating a symptom of ethanol intolerance in a subject with reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity comprising orally administering to the subject about 0.1 milligram to about 4 milligrams of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) per kilogram of the subject's body mass, wherein the subject is homozygous for alcohol dehydrogenase subtype 2*1 (ADH2*1/ADH2*1) or is heterozygous for alcohol dehydrogenase subtypes 2*1 and 22 (ADH2*1/ADH2*2).
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the symptom of ethanol intolerance is selected from the group consisting of flushing, elevated heart rate, palpitations, hypotension, nausea, dizziness, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomach, ataxia, and confused consciousness.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein 4-MP is administered in a free base form.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein 4-MP is administered in a physiologically acceptable salt form.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein 4-MP is orally administered before the subject consumes ethanol.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein 4-MP is orally administered about one hour to about fifteen minutes before the subject consumes ethanol.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein 4-MP is orally administered concurrently with the subject's consumption of ethanol or after the subject has consumed ethanol.
8 . (canceled)
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the percent reduction in the subject's ethanol elimination rate is no more than about 10% in comparison to the ethanol elimination rate of a subject not administered 4-MP.
10 - 12 . (canceled)
13 . The method of claim to wherein the subject is a human.
14 - 24 . (canceled)