Methods and Systems for Upgrading Hydrocarbon Residuum

1 . A hydrocarbon upgrading method comprising:

providing a nozzle reactor, the nozzle reactor comprising:

a main passage including a first region followed by a second region, the first region and the second region each including a convergent section, a throat, and a divergent section; and

a feed passage in fluid communication with the main passage;

wherein the feed passage meets the main passage between the throat in the first region and the throat in the second region;

injecting hydrocarbon residuum into the feed passage;

injecting a cracking material into the main passage; and

collecting a product stream exiting an exit opening of the main passage.

2 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon residuum is unconverted hydrocarbon residuum collected from a hydroconversion-type upgrader.

3 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the hydroconversion-type upgrader is an ebullating bed hydrocracker.

4 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon residuum comprises greater than 50 wt %+1,050° F. hydrocarbon.

5 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

removing solid material from the hydrocarbon residuum prior to injecting the hydrocarbon residuum into the feed passage.

6 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 5 , wherein removing solid material from the hydrocarbon residuum includes filtering the hydrocarbon residuum.

7 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

blending the hydrocarbon residuum with hydrocarbon material lighter than the hydrocarbon residuum prior to injecting the hydrocarbon residuum into the feed passage.

8 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the hydrocarbon residuum accounts for greater than 50 wt % of the blend of hydrocarbon residuum and hydrocarbon material lighter than the hydrocarbon residuum.

9 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the hydrocarbon material lighter than the hydrocarbon residuum is vacuum gasoline oil (VGO).

10 . The hydrocarbon upgrading method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

separating unconverted residuum from the product stream; and

mixing the separated unconverted residuum with hydrocarbon residuum being injected into the feed passage.

11 . A system for upgrading hydrocarbon comprising:

a hydroconversion-type upgrader having a product outlet; and

a nozzle reactor comprising:

a main passage including a first region followed by a second region, the first region and the second region each including a convergent section, a throat, and a divergent section; and

a feed passage in fluid communication with the main passage;

wherein the feed passage meets the main passage between the throat in the first region and the throat in the second region.

13 . The system for upgrading-hydrocarbon as recited in claim 11 , wherein the hydroconversion-type upgrader is an ebullating bed hydrocracker.

14 . The system for upgrading hydrocarbon as recited in claim 11 , further comprising:

a first separation unit comprising a material inlet, an upgraded hydrocarbon outlet, and a unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet, wherein the product outlet of the hydroconversion-type upgrader is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the first separation unit and the unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet of the first separation unit is in fluid communication with the feed passage of the nozzle reactor.

15 . The system for upgrading hydrocarbon as recited in claim 11 , further comprising:

a first separation unit comprising a material inlet, an upgraded hydrocarbon outlet, and a unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet; and

a filtering apparatus having a material inlet and a filtered material outlet;

wherein the product outlet of the hydroconversion-type upgrader is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the first separation unit, the unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet of the first separation unit is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the filtering apparatus, and the filtered material outlet of the filtering apparatus is fluid communication with the feed passage nozzle reactor.

16 . The system for upgrading hydrocarbon as recited in claim 11 , further comprising:

a first separation unit comprising a material inlet, an upgraded hydrocarbon outlet, and a unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet;

a filtering apparatus having a material inlet and a filtered material outlet; and

a blending apparatus having a material inlet and a blended material outlet;

wherein the product outlet of the hydroconversion-type upgrader is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the first separation unit, the unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet of the first separation unit is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the filtering apparatus, the filtered material outlet of the filtering apparatus is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the blending apparatus, and the blended material outlet of the blending apparatus is in fluid communication with the feed passage of the nozzle reactor.

17 . The system for upgrading hydrocarbon as recited in claim 14 , further comprising:

a second separation unit comprising a material inlet and a unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet; and

a recycle channel having a first end and a second end opposite the first end;

wherein an exit opening of the main passage is in fluid communication with the material inlet of the second separation unit, the unconverted hydrocarbon residuum outlet of the second separation unit is in fluid communication with the first end of the recycle channel, and the second end of the recycle channel is in fluid communication with the unconverted hydrocarbon residuum leaving the first separation unit.