VORTEX GENERATORS
A vortex generator, or an array of vortex generators, for attenuating flow separation during flow of fluid over a surface. Vortex generators include a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from the forward end to an outward end. The leading edge includes a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above the base, and a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above the base. The vortex generator(s) are configured for generating, adjacent a surface, at least two (2) vortices V 1 and V 2 in a fluid, and turning the outermost generated vortice toward the surface over which the fluid is passing.
1 . A vortex generator for attenuating flow separation during flow of a fluid over a surface, comprising:
a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising
(a) a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, and
(b) a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base, said vortex generator configured for generating, adjacent said surface, at least two vortices V 1 and V 2 in said fluid.
2 . A vortex generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein height H 1 is about 1.6 times the result of height H 2 minus height H 1 .
3 . A vortex generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein vortice V 1 is first generated adjacent said base, and wherein said vortice V 2 is first generated outward from vortice V 1 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said vortex generator rotates said vortice V 2 toward said base.
4 . A vortex generator as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said leading edge further comprises a third angular discontinuity at a height H 3 above said base, said vortex generator configured for generating a third vortice V 3 .
5 . A vortex generator as set forth in claim 4 , wherein height H 2 is about 1.6 times the result of height H 3 minus height H 2 .
6 . A vortex generator as set forth in claim 4 , wherein vortice V 3 is first generated adjacent said vortice V 2 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said vortex generator rotates said vortice V 3 toward said base.
7 . An aircraft, said aircraft comprising:
a plurality of vortex generators for attenuating flow separation during flow of a fluid over a surface, said vortex generators comprising a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising
(a) a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, and
(b) a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base, said vortex generator configured for generating, adjacent said surface, at least two vortices V 1 and V 2 in said fluid.
8 . An aircraft as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said aircraft comprises one or more S-ducts, said S-ducts having an inlet and an outlet associated with an engine, and wherein said S-ducts comprise a plurality of said vortex generators therein.
9 . An aircraft as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said aircraft comprises a wing surface, and wherein said wing surface comprises a plurality of said vortex generators thereon.
10 . An aircraft as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said aircraft comprises a vertical stabilizer surface, and wherein said vertical stabilizer surface comprises a plurality of said vortex generators thereon.
11 . An aircraft as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said aircraft comprises control surfaces, wherein said control surfaces comprise a plurality of said vortex generators thereon.
12 . An aircraft as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said aircraft comprises a horizontal stabilizer surface, and wherein said horizontal stabilizer surface comprises a plurality of said vortex generators thereon.
13 . An apparatus for travel on or through liquids, said apparatus having a surface in contact, with said liquid, comprising:
a plurality of vortex generators for attenuating flow separation during flow of fluid over said surface, said vortex generators comprising a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising
(a) a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, and
(b) a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base,
said vortex generator configured for generating, adjacent said surface, at least two vortices V 1 and V 2 in said fluid.
14 . A land vehicle, said land vehicle having a surface in contact with air through which said land vehicle operates, comprising:
a plurality of vortex generators for attenuating flow separation during flow of air over the surface, said vortex generators comprising a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising
(a) a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, and
(b) a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base,
each of said vortex generators configured for generating, adjacent the surface, at least two vortices V 1 and V 2 in air.
15 . A land vehicle as set forth in claim 14 , wherein said land vehicle comprises a truck.
16 . A land vehicle as set forth in claim 14 , wherein said land vehicle comprises a car.
17 . A land vehicle as set forth in claim 16 , wherein said car comprises a race car.
18 . A wind turbine, comprising:
a plurality of rotatable blades, said rotatable blades each comprising an aerodynamic surface;
a plurality of vortex generators for attenuating flow separation during flow of air over the aerodynamic surface, said vortex generators comprising a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward and rearward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising
(a) a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, and
(b) a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base,
said vortex generator configured for generating, adjacent said aerodynamic surface, at least two vortices V 1 and V 2 in said fluid.
19 . A wind turbine as set forth in claim 18 , wherein said height H 1 is about 1.6 times the result of height H 2 minus height H 1 .
20 . The wind turbine as set forth in claim 18 , wherein vortice V 1 is first generated adjacent said base, and wherein said vortice V 2 is first generated outward from vortice V 1 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said vortex generator rotates said vortice V 2 toward said base.
21 . The wind turbine as set forth in claim 20 , wherein said leading edge further comprises a third angular discontinuity at a height H 3 above said base, said vortex generator configured for generating a third vortice V 3 .
22 . The vortex generator as set forth in claim 21 , wherein height H 2 is about 1.6 times the result of height H 3 minus height H 2 .
23 . The vortex generator as set forth in claim 21 , wherein vortice V 3 is first generated adjacent said vortice V 2 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said vortex generator rotates said vortice V 3 toward said base.
24 . A vortex generator array for attenuating flow separation during flow of a fluid over a surface, comprising:
a first vortex generator, said first vortex generator comprising a base with a forward end and a leading edge extending outward from said forward end to an outward end, said leading edge comprising a first angular discontinuity at a height H 1 above said base, said first vortex generator sized and shaped to generate a first vortice V 1 in said fluid;
a second vortex generator, said second vortex generator comprising a second base with a second forward end and a second leading edge extending outward from said second forward end to a second outward end, said second outward end comprising a second angular discontinuity at a height H 2 above said base, said second vortex generator sized and shaped to generate a second vortice V 2 in said fluid; and
wherein said first vortex generator and said second vortex generator are sized, shaped, and spaced in an array so that vortice V 1 is first generated adjacent said base, and wherein said vortice V 2 is first generated outward from vortice V 1 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said first vortex generator and by said second vortex generator rotates vortice V 2 toward said surface.
25 . The vortex generator array as set forth in claim 24 , wherein height H 1 is about 1.6 times the result of height H 2 minus height H.
26 . The vortex generator array as set forth in claim 24 , further comprising a third vortex generator, said third vortex generator comprising a third base with a third forward end and a third leading edge extending outward from said third base to a third outward end, said third outward end comprising a third angular discontinuity at a height H 3 above said third base, said third vortex generator sized and shaped to generate a third vortice V 3 in said fluid and wherein vortice V 3 is first generated adjacent said vortice V 2 , and wherein momentum imparted to said fluid by said vortex generator array rotates the vortice V 3 toward said surface.