Human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine

1. A vaccine composition comprising a purified human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain L19 (RSV-L19) and a nanoemulsion adjuvant, wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant inactivates the RSV virus, and wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises:

(a) droplets having an average diameter of less than about 1000 nm;

(b) an aqueous phase;

(c) about 1% to about 80% of at least one cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable oil;

(d) about 0.001% to about 10% of at least one surfactant, wherein the surfactant is a polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant, a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, or a combination thereof; and

(e) about 0.1% to about 50% of at least one organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol.

2. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein cells infected in culture with the purified human RSV-L19 virus produce a greater amount of Fusion (F) and Glycoprotein (G) structural proteins associated with the viral particles as compared to cells infected with a human RSV strain A2.

3. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the purified human RSV-L19 virus is attenuated.

4. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the purified RSV-L19 virus comprises a human respiratory syncytial virus deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) as HRSV-L19.

5. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine composition is administered parenterally, orally or intranasally.

6. The vaccine composition of claim 5 , wherein the parenteral administration is by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection.

7. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant and/or the vaccine composition:

(a) is not systemically toxic to the subject; and/or

(b) produces minimal or no inflammation upon administration.

8. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises droplets having an average diameter selected from the group consisting of less than about 950 nm, less than about 900 nm, less than about 850 nm, less than about 800 nm, less than about 750 nm, less than about 700 nm, less than about 650 nm, less than about 600 nm, less than about 550 nm, less than about 500 nm, less than about 450 nm, less than about 400 nm, less than about 350 nm, less than about 300 nm, less than about 250 nm, less than about 200 nm, less than about 150 nm, less than about 100 nm, greater than about 50 nm, greater than about 70 nm, greater than about 125 nm, greater than about 125 nm and less than about 600 nm, and any combination thereof.

9. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein administration of the vaccine composition to a subject results in seroconversion of the subject after a single administration of the vaccine composition.

10. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol:

(a) is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 12 alcohol, diol, triol, and combinations thereof;

(b) is selected from the group consisting of a nonpolar solvent, a polar solvent, a protic solvent, an aprotic solvent, semi-synthetic derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof;

(c) is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, n-butanol, butylene glycol, perfumers alcohols, isopropanol, n-propanol, propylene glycols, glycerol, sorbitol, and any combination thereof; or

(d) is any combination of (a), (b), and/or (c).

11. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of animal oil, vegetable oil, natural oil, synthetic oil, hydrocarbon oils, silicone oils, and semi-synthetic derivatives there.

12. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein:

(a) the nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, semi-synthetic derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof;

(b) the cationic quaternary ammonium compound is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride compound, a dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride compound, Benzalkonium chloride, Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, Benzyldodecyldimethylammonium bromide, Benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate, Cetylpyridinium chloride, Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide, Dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide, Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, Ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, Girard's reagent T, Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, N,N′,N′-Polyoxyethylene(10)-N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, Thonzonium bromide, Trimethyl(tetradecyl)ammonium bromide, 1,3,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol, 1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-, chloride, Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 2-(2-(p-(Diisobutyl)cresosxy)ethoxy)ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 2-(2-(p-(Diisobutyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl 1 or 3 benzyl-1-(2-hydroxethyl)-2-imidazolinium chloride, Alkyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl) benzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl demethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl 3,4-dichlorobenzyl ammonium chloride (100% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl 3,4-dichlorobenzyl ammonium chloride (50% C 14 , 40% C 12 , 10% C 16 ), Alkyl dimethyl 3,4-dichlorobenzyl ammonium chloride (55% C 14 , 23% C 12 , 20% C 16 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (100% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (100% C16), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (41% C 14 , 28% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (47% C 12 , 18% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (55% C 16 , 20% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (58% C 14 , 28% C 16 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (60% C 14 , 25% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (61% C 11 , 23% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (61% C 12 , 23% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (65% C 12 , 25% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (67% C 12 , 24% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (67% C 12 , 25% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (90% C 14 , 5% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (93% C 14 , 4% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (95% C 16 , 5% C 18 ), Alkyl didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C 12-16 ), Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C 12-18 ), dialkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl dimethybenzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide (90% C 14 , 5% C 16 , 5% C 12 ), Alkyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide (mixed alkyl and alkenyl groups as in the fatty acids of soybean oil), Alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, Alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (60% C 14 ), Alkyl dimethyl isopropylbenzyl ammonium chloride (50% C 12 , 30% C 14 , 17% C 16 , 3% C 18 ), Alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (58% C 18 , 40% C 16 , 1% C 14 , 1% C 12 ), Alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (90% C 18 , 10% C 16 ), Alkyldimethyl(ethylbenzyl) ammonium chloride (C 12-18 ), Di-(C 8-10 )-alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides, Dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Dialkyl methyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Diisodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Dodecyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl) octyl hydrogen ammonium chloride, Dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Dodecylcarbamoyl methyl dinethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Heptadecyl hydroxyethylimidazolinium chloride, Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine, Myristalkonium chloride (and) Quat RNIUM 14, N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylammonium chloride polymer, n-Tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride monohydrate, Octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Octyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Octyphenoxyethoxyethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, Oxydiethylenebis(alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), Trimethoxysily propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, Trimethoxysilyl quats, Trimethyl dodecylbenzyl ammonium chloride, semi-synthetic derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof; or

(d) any combination of (a)-(c) thereof.

13. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein:

(a) the nanoemulsion comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant;

(b) the nanoemulsion comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant which is polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, or a combination thereof;

(c) the nanoemulsion comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant which is polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, or a combination thereof, and wherein the polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant is present at about 0.01% to about 5.0%, or at about 0.1% to about 3%;

(d) the nanoemulsion comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant, and the non-ionic surfactant is present in a concentration of about 0.05% to about 10%, about 0.05% to about 7.0%, about 0.1% to about 7%, or about 0.5% to about 4%;

(e) the nanoemulsion comprises at least one cationic surfactant and at least one polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant, wherein the cationic surfactant is present in a concentration of about 0.05% to about 2% or about 0.01% to about 2%; or

(f)(0 any combination of (a)-(f).

14. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , further comprising chitosan.

15. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , further comprising glucan.

16. The vaccine composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous phase is present in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS).

17. A method for inducing an enhanced immunity against disease caused by human respiratory syncytial virus comprising the step of administering to a subject an effective amount of the vaccine composition of claim 1 .

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the subject produces a protective immune response after at least a single administration of the vaccine composition.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the immune response is protective against one or more strains of RSV.

20. A method for enhancing immunity to human respiratory syncytial virus infections comprising administering to the subject the vaccine composition of claim 1 .

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the administering comprises intranasal administration.

22. The vaccine composition of claim 8 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises droplets having an average diameter of less than about 800 nm.

23. The vaccine composition of claim 8 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises droplets having an average diameter of less than about 600 nm.

24. The vaccine composition of claim 8 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises droplets having an average diameter of less than about 500 nm.

25. The vaccine composition of claim 8 , wherein the nanoemulsion adjuvant comprises droplets having an average diameter of less than about 400 nm.