Osmotic bioelectrochemical systems

1. A bioelectrochemical system comprising:

an anode at least partially positioned within an anode chamber containing an aqueous reaction mixture including one or more organic compounds and one or more bacteria for oxidizing the organic compounds;

a saline solution chamber containing a draw solution and separated from the anode chamber by a forward osmosis membrane, wherein the forward osmosis membrane is a porous membrane that blocks solute particles having a size of 0.0001 microns or larger;

wherein the draw solution comprises a higher amount of a saline solution than the anode chamber and the saline solution contains a salt concentration of at least or greater than 20 g/L; and

a cathode;

wherein water diffuses across the forward osmosis membrane from the aqueous reaction mixture to the draw solution.

2. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the forward osmosis membrane at least partially surrounds and defines the anode chamber.

3. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 2 , wherein the anode chamber is at least partially surrounded by the saline solution chamber.

4. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 1 , wherein the saline solution chamber is a cathode chamber and the cathode is at least partially positioned within the cathode chamber.

5. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 4 , wherein the draw solution is a catholyte solution.

6. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 4 , wherein the draw solution comprises sodium chloride.

7. The bioelectrochemical system of claim 4 , wherein the diffusion of water across the forward osmosis membrane increases proton transport into the cathode chamber, thereby increasing current generation.