Sensorless optimum torque control for high efficiency ironless permanent magnet machine

1. A method for sensorless torque control by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of an ironless permanent-magnet machine to perform sensorless motoring and/or generation operations, comprising:

obtaining instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

transforming the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

filtering the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

regulating the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to have a value of zero;

determining a non-final electrical angle of the permanent-magnet machine by applying an integrator to the regulated electrical frequency of the machine;

determining a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle; and

regulating the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.

4. A system for sensorless torque control by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of an ironless permanent-magnet machine to perform sensorless motoring and/or generation operations, comprising:

means for obtaining instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

means for transforming the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

means for filtering the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

means for regulating the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to have a value of zero;

means for determining a non-final electrical angle of the permanent-magnet machine by applying an integrator to the regulated electrical frequency of the machine;

means for determining a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle; and

means for regulating the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.

7. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for sensorless torque control by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of an ironless permanent-magnet machine to perform sensorless motoring and/or generation operations, comprising:

means for obtaining instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

means for transforming the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

means for filtering the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

means for regulating the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to have a value of zero;

means for determining a non-final electrical angle of the permanent-magnet machine by applying an integrator to the regulated electrical frequency of the machine;

means for determining a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle; and

means for regulating the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 7 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.

10. A computer-implemented method for sensorless torque control by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of an ironless permanent-magnet machine to perform sensorless motoring and/or generation operations, comprising:

obtaining instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

transforming the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

filtering the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

regulating the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to a value of zero;

determining a non-final electrical angle of the machine from the regulated electrical frequency;

determining a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle;

optimizing the electrical angle by observing the DC power at an input of an inverter that drives the machine; and

regulating the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.

13. A system for sensorless torque control by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of an ironless permanent-magnet machine to perform sensorless motoring and/or generation operations, comprising:

means for obtaining instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

means for transforming the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

means for filtering the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

means for regulating the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to a value of zero;

means for determining a non-final electrical angle of the machine from the regulated electrical frequency;

means for determining a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle;

means for optimizing the electrical angle by observing the DC power at an input of an inverter that drives the machine; and

means for regulating the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.

16. A system comprising:

an ironless permanent-magnet machine; and

a circuit configured to effect sensorless torque control of the ironless permanent-magnet machine by determining a rotor position using terminal voltages and currents of the ironless permanent-magnet machine, the circuit operative to:

obtain instantaneous terminal voltages of the machine;

transform the instantaneous terminal voltages to a zero direct axis voltage and a non-zero quadrature axis voltage;

filter the transformed instantaneous terminal voltages;

regulate the electrical frequency of the permanent-magnet machine such that the zero direct-axis voltage is adjusted to have a value of zero;

determine a non-final electrical angle of the permanent-magnet machine by applying an integrator to the regulated electrical frequency of the machine;

determine a final electrical angle of the of the machine by integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle; and

regulate the current vector of the machine such that the current vector is perpendicular to the final electrical angle of the machine, thereby optimizing the torque of the machine.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein integrating the non-final electrical angle and an electrical angle from a previous calculation cycle comprises using a phase-locked loop (PLL) to track angular position by adjusting reference frame angles.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the PLL is a type-II PLL.