Composite coil spring
A composite coil spring includes a coil body that extends along a coiled axis. The coil body includes a core and a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with a polymer material. The plurality of fiber layers are arranged around the core at different radial distances from the coiled axis. Each of the plurality of fiber layers extends around the coiled axis at an oblique fiber angle to the coiled axis. Each of the plurality of fiber layers includes a number of fibers that is a product of a common base number of fibers multiplied by a positive non-zero integer from a set of positive non-zero integers. The positive non-zero integer of at least one of the plurality of fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of at least one other of the plurality of fiber layers.
1. A composite coil spring comprising:
a coil body extending along a coiled axis, the coil body including a core and a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with a polymer material, the plurality of fiber layers being arranged around the core at different radial distances from the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers extending around the coiled axis at an oblique fiber angle to the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers including a number of fibers that is a product of a common base number of fibers multiplied by a positive non-zero integer from a set of positive non-zero integers, and the positive non-zero integer of at least one of the plurality of fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of at least one other of the plurality of fiber layers.
2. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the set of positive non-zero integers is 1-20.
3. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the oblique angle is +/−20-54°.
4. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein, relative to the coiled axis, an innermost layer of the plurality of fiber layers and an outermost layer of the plurality of fiber layers have equal positive non-zero integers.
5. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core is a fibrous core and intermediate fiber layers of the plurality of fiber layers have equal positive non-zero integers, the intermediate fiber layers being arranged, relative to the coiled axis, between the fibrous core and an outermost fiber layer of the plurality of fiber layers.
6. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the positive non-zero integers of at least two of the plurality of fiber layers that are different, differ by at least 1.
7. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the oblique fiber angle of each of the plurality of fiber layers is also oblique to at least one directly neighboring one of the plurality of fiber layers.
8. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the polymer material includes epoxy.
9. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the polymer material includes polyester.
10. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fiber layers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers and combinations thereof.
11. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fiber layers are selected from the group consisting of metallic fibers, ceramic fibers, organic fibers and combinations thereof.
12. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core is a fibrous core and includes a number of fibers that is a product of the common base number of fibers multiplied by the positive non-zero integer from the set of positive non-zero integers, and the positive non-zero integer of at least one of the plurality of fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of the fibrous core.
13. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core is a solid core.
14. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 13 , wherein the solid core is polymeric.
15. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 13 , wherein the solid core is metallic.
16. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core includes a shape memory material.
17. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core is a hollow tube.
18. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 1 , wherein the core is a tube defining an interior cavity, and the interior cavity includes a filler material therein.
19. A composite coil spring comprising:
a coil body extending along a coiled axis, the coil body including a fibrous core and a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with a polymer material, the plurality of fiber layers being arranged around the fibrous core at different radial distances from the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers extending around the coiled axis at an oblique angle to the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers and the fibrous core including a number of fibers that is a product of a common base number of fibers multiplied by a positive non-zero integer from a set of positive non-zero integers, and the positive non-zero integer of at least one of the plurality of fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of the fibrous core.
20. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 19 , wherein the plurality of fiber layers include at least one first fiber layer and at least one second fiber layer, the first fiber layer having a number of fibers N 1 and the second fiber layer having a number of fibers N 2 that is different from the number of fibers N 1 .
21. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 20 , wherein the number of fibers N 2 is different from the number of fibers N 1 by a positive multiplier factor of 2-20.
22. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 20 , wherein, relative to the coiled axis, the second fiber layer is an outermost layer and the first fiber layer is an intermediate fiber layer arranged between the outermost layer and the fibrous core.
23. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 19 , wherein the oblique fiber angle of each of the plurality of fiber layers is also oblique to at least one directly neighboring one of the plurality of fiber layers.
24. The composite coil spring as recited in claim 19 , wherein the oblique angle is +/−20-54°.
25. A method of fabricating a composite coil spring, the method comprising:
forming a coil body along a coiled axis from a core and a plurality of fiber layers impregnated with a polymer material, the plurality of fiber layers being arranged around the core at different radial distances from the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers extending around the coiled axis at an oblique fiber angle to the coiled axis, each of the plurality of fiber layers including a number of fibers that is a product of a common base number of fibers multiplied by a positive non-zero integer from a set of positive non-zero integers, and the positive non-zero integers of at least one of the plurality of fiber layers is different from the positive non-zero integer of at least one other of the plurality of fiber layers.