Catalyst materials
A catalyst material including a catalyst carrier including a porous alumina support and a hindrance layer on the alumina support, the hindrance layer comprising one or more barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, zirconium sulfate, and calcium sulfate is described. The catalyst carrier further includes a rare earth oxide. The catalyst material can further comprise a platinum group metal oxide. The hindrance layer may prevent the rare earth oxide from forming a complex with the support. The catalyst material is useful for methods and systems of abating pollutants from automotive exhaust gas.
1. A catalyst material comprising a catalyst carrier including a porous alumina support having a hindrance layer on the alumina support, the hindrance layer comprising one or more of barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, zirconium sulfate, and calcium sulfate, the catalyst carrier further including a rare earth oxide and palladium oxide fixed in close proximity to the rare earth oxide, wherein the hindrance layer is effective to prevent the rare earth oxide from forming a complex with the alumina support.
2. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide changes valence state to stabilize the palladium oxide and slow decomposition of palladium oxide into palladium metal.
3. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide is selected from an oxide of Ce, Pr, La, and mixtures thereof.
4. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide comprises cerium oxide.
5. The catalyst material of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth oxide comprises an oxide of lanthanum complexed with one or more of nickel, iron, manganese, copper, and aluminum in a perovskite phase.
6. The catalyst material of claim 1 , further comprising an additional oxygen storage catalyst in particulate form.
7. The catalyst material of claim 6 , wherein the additional oxygen storage component comprises ceria.
8. The catalyst material of claim 7 , wherein the oxygen storage component further comprises at least one oxide selected from zirconium, yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, europium, samarium, ytterbium and mixtures thereof.
9. The catalyst material of claim 8 , wherein the cerium oxide is complexed with a mixture of neodymium, praseodymium, and zirconium.
10. A catalyst material comprising a catalyst carrier including a porous support including barium sulfate and alumina, a hindrance layer on the support, the hindrance layer comprising a platinum group metal oxide, the catalyst carrier further including a rare earth oxide that changes valence state to stabilize the platinum group metal oxide and slow decomposition of the platinum group metal oxide into platinum group metal, wherein the hindrance layer is effective to prevent the rare earth oxide from forming a complex with the support, and wherein the platinum group metal oxide is fixed in close contact with the rare earth oxide.
11. The catalyst material of claim 10 , wherein the platinum group metal is palladium.
12. The catalyst material of claim 10 , wherein the rare earth oxide is selected from an oxide of Ce, Pr, and La.
13. The catalyst material of claim 10 , wherein the rare earth oxide comprises cerium oxide.
14. The catalyst material of claim 10 , wherein the rare earth oxide comprises an oxide of neodymium or lanthanum complexed with one or more of nickel, iron, manganese, copper, and aluminum in a perovskite phase.
15. The catalyst material of claim 14 , wherein the rare earth oxide comprises an oxide of lanthum complexed with manganese.