Stepwise Process for the Production of Alkaloid Salts
The present invention provides to an improved process for preparing alkaloid salts. In particular, the process comprises a stepwise addition of an acid to an alkaloid chosen from hydrocodone, codeine, and dihydrocodeine to form a flowable mixture of the alkaloid salt.
1 . A process for the production of alkaloid salts, the process comprising a stepwise addition of an acid to an alkaloid, wherein the alkaloid is chosen from hydrocodone, codeine, or dihydrocodeine, and the process results in a flowable mixture of the alkaloid salt.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the acid is chosen from acetic, adipic, alginic, ascorbic, aspartatic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphoric, capric, caprylic, carbonic, citric, cyclamic, dodecylsulfuric, ethanesulfonic, ethane-1,2-disulfonic, fumaric, galactaric, gentisic, glucoheptanoic, gluconic, glucuronic, glutamic, glutaric, glycolic, glycerophosphoric, hippuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroxy, isobutyric, lactic, lactobioni, lauric, maleicm, malonic, methanesulfonic, malic, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic, naphthalene-2-sulfonic, 2-napthoic 1-hydroxy, nicotinic, oleic, orotic, 2-oxo glutaric, oxalic, palmitic pamoic, propionic, pyroglutamic, phosphoric, sebacic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, and thiocyanic, p-toluenesulfonic acids, and stearic acid.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises a solvent system.
4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the solvent system comprises an organic solvent.
5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein organic solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
6 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the solvent system further comprises water.
7 . The process of claim 6 , wherein water comprises about 10 to about 13% of the total solvent system.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the stepwise addition comprises a first portion of about 40% to about 60% of the acid, and subsequent portions range from about 10% to about 20% of the acid.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the stepwise addition comprises a first portion of about 60% of the acid with subsequent portions of about 10% of the acid.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the stepwise addition comprises a first portion of about 55% of the acid with subsequent portions of about 10% of the acid.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the stepwise addition comprises a first portion of about 50% of the acid with subsequent portions of about 10% of the acid.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 70° C.
13 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature below about 25° C. to form a flowable alkaloid salt mixture.
14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio between the amine group of the alkaloid and the acid is about 1:1.1, respectively.
15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaloid salt is produced in a yield above about 90%.
16 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the acid is tartaric acid, the alkaloid is chosen from hydrocodone and dihydrocodeine, and the solvent system is comprised of methanol, ethanol, and water.
17 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the acid is phosphoric acid, the alkaloid is codeine, and the solvent system is comprised of methanol, ethanol, and water.
18 . A process for the production of hydrocodone bitartrate wherein the process comprises the following steps:
a. adding about 0.4 equivalents of tartaric acid to a mixture of 1 equivalent of hydrocodone in about 85% ethanol, 5% methanol, and about 10% water, and stirring the mixture for about 1 hour;
b. adding about 0.1 equivalents of tartaric acid to the mixture and stirring for about 1 hour; and
c. repeating step (b) until about 1.1 equivalents of tartaric acid have been added to the reaction to result in a flowable mixture of hydrocodone bitartrate.