Dynamic MOSFET gate drivers
View Patent ↗The embodiments herein describe a dynamic metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) gate driver system architecture and control scheme. The MOSFET gate driver system dynamically adjusts both the gate driver turn-on-resistance and the gate driver turn-off resistance within a single (i.e., one) switching cycle to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the system and to minimize the conduction loss of a power MOSFET during operation.
1. A switching power converter comprising:
a transformer including a primary winding coupled to an input voltage and a secondary winding coupled to an output of the switching power converter;
a field effect transistor switch coupled to the primary winding of the transformer, current through the primary winding being generated while the field effect transistor switch is turned on and not being generated while the field effect transistor switch is turned off; and
a driver control circuit configured to generate a control signal to turn on or turn off the field effect transistor switch during a plurality of switching cycles of the field effect transistor switch, each of the switching cycles including a first part during which the field effect transistor switch is turned on and a second part during which the field effect transistor switch is turned off, and the driver control circuit adjusting a magnitude of current of the control signal from a first level during a first duration of the first part of at least one of the switching cycles of the field effect transistor switch to a second level that is greater than the first level during a second duration of the first part of said one of the switching cycles, said second duration being later in time than said first duration.
2. The switching power converter of claim 1 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the magnitude of current of the control signal from a first level during an earlier period of the second part of said one of the switching cycles to a second level during a later period of the second part of said one of the switching cycles.
3. The switching power converter of claim 1 , wherein the driver control circuit comprises:
a first field effect transistor having variable on-resistance;
a second field effect transistor coupled in series to the first field effect transistor and also having variable on-resistance;
wherein a gate of the field effect transistor switch is coupled to a node between the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor,
the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor is adjusted to adjust the magnitude of current of the control signal during the first part of said at least one switching cycle, and
the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor is adjusted to adjust the magnitude of current of the control signal during the second part of said at least one switching cycle.
4. The switching power converter of claim 3 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor from a first resistance to a second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a timer reaching a predetermined time threshold from when the field effect transistor switch is turned on, and wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor from a third resistance to a fourth resistance during the second part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to the timer reaching a predetermined time threshold from when the field effect transistor switch is turned off.
5. The switching power converter of claim 4 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor from the first resistance to the second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a gate-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor switch passing a threshold value during the first part of said one of the switching cycles.
6. The switching power converter of claim 4 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor from the first resistance to the second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor passing a threshold value during the first part of said one of the switching cycles.
7. The switching power converter of claim 3 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor from a third resistance to a fourth resistance during the second part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a gate-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor passing a threshold value during the second part of said at least one switching cycle.
8. The switching power converter of claim 3 , wherein the driver control circuit adjusts the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor from a third resistance to a fourth resistance during the second part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor passing a threshold value during the second part of said at least one switching cycle.
9. In a driver control circuit, a method of controlling a switching power converter, the switching power converter including a transformer with a primary winding coupled to an output of the switching power converter and a field effect transistor switch coupled to the primary winding of the transformer, current through the primary winding being generated while the field effect transistor switch is turned on and not being generated while the field effect transistor switch is turned off, the method comprising:
generating a control signal to turn on or turn off the field effect transistor switch during a plurality of switching cycles of the field effect transistor switch, each of the switching cycles including a first part during which the field effect transistor switch is turned on and a second part during which the field effect transistor switch is turned off; and
adjusting a magnitude of current of the control signal from a first level during a first duration of the first part of at least one of the switching cycles of the field effect transistor switch to a second level that is greater than the first level during a second duration of the first part of said one of the switching cycles, said second duration being later in time than said first duration.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein adjusting the magnitude of the control signal comprises:
adjusting the magnitude of current of the control signal from a first level during an earlier period of the second part of said one of the switching cycles to a second level during a later period of the second part of said one of the switching cycles.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the driver control circuit comprises a first field effect transistor having variable on-resistance coupled in series to a second field effect transistor and a node between the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor are coupled to a gate of the field effect transistor switch and wherein adjusting the magnitude of current of the control signal comprises:
adjusting the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor to adjust the magnitude of current of the control signal during the first part of said at least one switching cycle; and
adjusting the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor to adjust the magnitude of current of the control signal during the second part of said at least one switching cycle.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor is adjusted from a first resistance to a second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a timer reaching a predetermined time threshold from when the field effect transistor switch is turned on, and wherein the on-resistance of the second field effect transistor is adjusted from a third resistance to a fourth resistance during the second part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to the timer reaching a predetermined time threshold from when the field effect transistor switch is turned off.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein adjusting the magnitude of current of the control signal comprises: adjusting the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor from the first resistance to the second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a gate-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor switch passing a threshold value during the first part of said one of the switching cycles.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein adjusting the magnitude of current of the control signal comprises:
adjusting the on-resistance of the first field effect transistor from the first resistance to the second resistance during the first part of said at least one switching cycle responsive to a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor passing a threshold value during the first part of said one of the switching cycles.