Method for removing ionic species contained in an aqueous phase using a sol gel composite material
View Patent ↗Disclosed is a method for removing an ionic species contained in an aqueous phase. The method includes contacting an aqueous phase containing the ionic species with a sol gel-derived composite material, where the sol gel-derived composite material is a sol gel-derived composition having a porous matrix and containing a reactive metal incorporated into at least a portion of the porous matrix, under conditions sufficient to remove the ionic species contained in the aqueous phase.
1. A method for removing an ionic species contained in an aqueous phase, the method comprising:
contacting an aqueous phase containing an ionic species with a sol gel composite material, said sol gel composite material comprising,
a sol gel composition obtained from:
about 0 to about 60 mol % of at least one first precursor having the formula:
(RO) x (R 2 ) y Si((R 1 )Si(R 2 ) y (OR) x ) z (1)
where x is 2, 3 or 4, y is 0, 1 or 2 and z is 0 or 1, where said sum of x+y+z is 4, and where each R is independently a C 1 to C 6 alkyl, R 1 is an alkyl or aromatic bridging group and each R 2 is individually an organic group and
from about 100 to about 40 mol % of at least one second precursor having the formula:
(RO) 3- Si—(CH 2 ) n —Ar—(CH 2 ) m —Si—(OR) 3 (2)
where n and m are individually an integer from 1 to 8, Ar is a single-, fused-, or poly-aromatic ring, and each R is independently an alkyl group as defined above and a reactive metal incorporated into at least a portion of said porous matrix,
under conditions sufficient to remove said ionic species contained in said aqueous phase.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is methyl or ethyl.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each R 2 is independently an aliphatic or non-aliphatic hydrocarbon containing up to about 30 carbons.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said hydrocarbon is a straight-chain hydrocarbon, a branched-chain hydrocarbon, a cyclic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reactive metal is a catalytic metal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reactive metal is zero valent aluminum, zero valent iron, zero valent magnesium, zero valent nickel, zero valent zinc or combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said catalytic metal is zero valent iron.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting comprises passing said phase containing an ionic species through a bioretention system comprising said sol gel composite material.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said bioretention system further comprises soil, sand, compost or combinations thereof.
10. A method for removing an ionic species present in an aqueous phase, the method comprising:
contacting an aqueous phase containing an ionic species with a sol gel composite material, said sol gel composite material comprising,
a sol gel composition containing a plurality of alkylsiloxy substituents, said sol gel composition obtained:
from about 0 to about 60 mol % of at least one first precursor having the formula:
(RO) x (R 2 ) y Si((R 1 )Si(R 2 ) y (OR) x ) z (1)
where x is 2, 3 or 4, y is 0, 1 or 2 and z is 0 or 1, where said sum of x+y+z is 4, and where each R is independently a C 1 to C 6 alkyl, R 1 is an alkyl or aromatic bridging group and each R 2 is individually an organic group and
from about 100 to about 40 mol % of at least one second first precursor having the formula:
(RO) 3- Si—(CH 2 ) n —Ar—(CH 2 ) m —Si—(OR) 3 (2)
where n and m are individually an integer from 1 to 8, Ar is a single-, fused-, or poly-aromatic ring, and each R is independently an alkyl group as defined above and a reactive metal incorporated into at least a portion of said porous matrix, under conditions sufficient to remove said ionic species contained in said aqueous phase.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said alkylsiloxy substituents correspond to said formula:
—(O) w —Si—(R 3 ) 4-w (3)
where R 3 is independently a hydrocarbon containing up to about 30 carbons and w is an integer from 1 to 3.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said alkylsiloxy substituents include at least one heteroatom selected from sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, halogen atom or combinations thereof
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein R is methyl or ethyl.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein each R 2 is independently an aliphatic or non-aliphatic hydrocarbon containing up to about 30 carbons.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said hydrocarbon is a straight-chain hydrocarbon, a branched-chain hydrocarbon, a cyclic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein said reactive metal is a catalytic metal.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein said reactive metal is zero valent aluminum, zero valent iron, zero valent magnesium, zero valent nickel, zero valent zinc or combinations thereof
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said reactive metal is zero valent iron.
19. The method of claim 10 wherein said second precursor is a bis(trialkoxysilylalkyl)benzene.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said bis(trialkoxysilylalkyl)benzene is 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylmethyl)benzene, bis(triethoxysilylethyl)benzene or mixtures thereof.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said bis(trialkoxysilylalkyl)benzene is bis(triethoxysilylethyl)benzene.
22. The method of claim 10 , wherein said contacting comprises passing said phase containing an ionic species through a bioretention system comprising said sol gel composite material.
23. The method of claim 10 , wherein said bioretention system further comprises soil and, compost or combinations thereof.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein the ionic species are nitrates, phosphates or combinations thereof.
25. The method of claim 10 wherein the ionic species are nitrates, phosphates or combinations thereof.