Dairy mineral-fortified liquid dairy products and methods of making
Disclosed are dairy products fortified with dairy minerals and methods of making the dairy products. The fortified dairy products exhibit enhanced fresh dairy flavor notes. In one aspect, the fortified dairy product is a concentrated dairy liquid. In another aspect, the fortified dairy product is a cheese product, such as cream cheese, processed cheese, or cultured cheese.
1. A method of making a concentrated dairy liquid, the method comprising:
pasteurizing a dairy cream;
concentrating the pasteurized cream to obtain a concentrated cream retentate;
homogenizing the concentrated cream retentate to form a homogenized cream retentate;
adding a blend of dairy minerals to the homogenized cream retentate;
heating the homogenized cream retentate including the blend of dairy minerals to obtain a concentrated dairy liquid having a F o value of at least 5, the concentrated dairy liquid having a protein to fat ratio of from about 0.04 to about 0.1 and lactose in an amount of up to 1.5 percent,
wherein the dairy minerals are included in an amount effective to provide at least two of the following mineral to protein ratios in the concentrated dairy liquid:
about 0.017 mg to about 0.0264 mg potassium per mg protein;
about 0.008 mg to about 0.0226 mg magnesium per mg protein;
about 0.122 mg to about 0.3516 mg calcium mg per mg protein; and
about 0.199 mg to about 0.5394 mg phosphate per mg protein.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising diluting the cream with water after the pasteurizing.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the water to the cream is from about 2:1 to about 4:1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrating includes providing the concentrated cream retentate including about 2.0 to about 3.0 percent protein.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrated dairy liquid includes about 1.3 to about 2 percent protein.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrated dairy liquid includes about 20 to about 30 percent fat.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blend of dairy minerals comprises between 0.15 and 1.5% by weight of the homogenized cream retentate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the blend of dairy minerals comprises between 0.5 and 0.75% by weight of the homogenized cream retentate.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrated dairy liquid includes about 35 to about 65 percent total solids.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dairy minerals are included in an amount effective to provide at least three of the following mineral to protein ratios in the concentrated dairy liquid:
about 0.017 mg to about 0.0264 mg potassium per mg protein;
about 0.008 mg to about 0.0226 mg magnesium per mg protein;
about 0.122 mg to about 0.3516 mg calcium per mg protein; and
about 0.199 mg to about 0.5394 mg phosphate per mg protein.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dairy minerals are included in an amount effective to provide the following mineral to protein ratios in the concentrated dairy liquid:
about 0.017 mg to about 0.0264 mg potassium per mg protein;
about 0.008 mg to about 0.0226 mg magnesium per mg protein;
about 0.122 mg to about 0.3516 mg calcium per mg protein; and
about 0.199 mg to about 0.5394 mg phosphate per mg protein.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrated dairy liquid has a viscosity ranging from about 20 cP to about 100 cP at ambient temperature when measured at about 20° C. with a Brookfield RV viscometer using Spindle #2 at 100 rpm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentrating step is carried out using ultrafiltration with a membrane having a molecular weight cut off of about 10,000 to about 20,000 Daltons.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising including about 0.1 to about 0.6 percent gum arabic by weight of the concentrated dairy liquid.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fat in the concentrated dairy liquid consists essentially of fat from the dairy cream.
16. A method of making a concentrated dairy liquid, the method comprising:
pasteurizing a dairy cream;
concentrating the pasteurized cream by ultrafiltration to obtain a concentrated cream retentate;
homogenizing the concentrated cream retentate to form a homogenized cream retentate;
adding a blend of dairy minerals to the concentrated cream retentate or to the homogenized cream retentate; and
heating the homogenized cream retentate including the blend of dairy minerals to obtain a concentrated dairy liquid having a F o value of at least 5, the concentrated dairy liquid having a protein to fat ratio of from about 0.04 to about 0.1, lactose in an amount of up to 1.5 percent, about 1.3 to about 2 percent protein, about 20 to about 30 percent fat, and about 35 to about 65 percent total solids,
wherein the dairy minerals are included in an amount effective to provide at least two of the following mineral to protein ratios in the concentrated dairy liquid:
about 0.017 mg to about 0.0264 mg potassium per mg protein;
about 0.008 mg to about 0.0226 mg magnesium per mg protein;
about 0.122 mg to about 0.3516 mg calcium mg per mg protein; and
about 0.199 mg to about 0.5394 mg phosphate per mg protein.