Methods and devices for selective disruption of visceral fat by controlled cooling

1. A method for selective disruption of lipid-rich visceral fat in a non-infant human subject comprising:

infusing a cooling substance at a temperature of less than about 20° C. through a catheter introduced into the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity to reduce the temperature within a local region containing the visceral fat and to selectively disrupt at least a portion of the visceral fat of said region through localized crystallization of highly saturated fatty acids.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing at least a portion of the cooling substance from the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity after a predetermined time interval.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined time interval is at least about 5 minutes.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined time interval is at least about 10 minutes.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the cooling substance is a liquid.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cooling substance comprises an aqueous solution.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the aqueous solution is at least one of an isotonic solution or a saline solution.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cooling substance comprises a vascoconstrictor.

9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cooling substance is provided at a temperature that is less than about 15° C.

10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cooling substance is provided at a temperature that is less than about 10° C.

11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cooling substance comprises a solid-liquid slurry capable of undergoing a phase change at a substantially stable temperature.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solid-liquid slurry comprises granules of ice in a saline solution.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating a portion of the subject's body to reduce cooling of a portion of the body away from the local region containing the visceral fat cells.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring a temperature of at least one of the cooling substance applied within the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity or a portion of the cooling substance that is withdrawn from within the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity after a particular time interval.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising providing a further quantity of the cooling substance within the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity, wherein at least one of the temperature or the amount of the further quantity of the cooling substance is selected based on the measured temperature.

16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing a portion of the cooling substance from the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity while introducing a further quantity of the cooling substance at a temperature of less than about 20° C. to the location.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the temperature, the amount, or the flow rate of the further quantity of the cooling substance is selected based on a temperature of the removed portion of the cooling substance.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling substance comprises a glycol.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling substance has a pH between about 5.0 and about 5.5.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling substance comprises ethanol.

21. An apparatus configured to cool a local region of tissue of a non-infant human subject containing visceral fat to selectively disrupt at least a portion of the visceral fat of the local region through localized crystallization of highly saturated fatty acids, the apparatus comprising:

a reservoir configured to hold a cooling substance:

a thermal arrangement; and

a controller configured to control the thermal arrangement to cool or heat the cooling substance at a temperature of less than about 20° C.;

a catheter comprising at least one lumen, wherein the catheter is configured to be inserted into the subject's peritoneal cavity or abdominal cavity such that at least a portion of the catheter is proximal to the local region of tissue; and

a conduit configured to facilitate passage of the cooling substance from the reservoir to the local region of tissue via the catheter.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the conduit is connected to the at least one lumen to facilitate passage of the cooling substance therethrough.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the reservoir is configured to hold the cooling substance at a temperature of less than about 15° C.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the reservoir is configured to hold the cooling substance at a temperature of less than about 10° C.

25. The apparatus of claim 21 , further comprising:

a pump arrangement configured to at least one of provide the cooling substance through the conduit and a portion of the catheter or withdraw the cooling substance through the catheter and conduit.