Co-processing of biomass and synthetic polymer based materials in a pyrolysis conversion process
Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion which includes co-processing the biomass with thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic polymer based materials in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons; wherein hydrogen atoms originating with the polymer materials can remove oxygen from oxygenated hydrocarbons produced in the conversion of the biomass in the reactor.
1. A process, comprising:
i) charging a feed to a first reactor for contact with a heat carrier material and conversion of the feed to a product comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons, wherein the feed comprises at least one of (a) a biomass, and (b) a biomass and a synthetic polymer;
ii) charging at least a portion of said product to a second reactor along with a synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material for contact with a second reactor catalyst and conversion of said synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material to liquid hydrocarbons; and
iii) removing a second reactor bio-oil from said second reactor.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein hydrogen atoms originating from said synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material remove oxygen from said oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in said product; and wherein said second reactor bio-oil has a lower concentration of oxygenated hydrocarbons than the concentration of oxygenated hydrocarbons of the combination of said synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material and said product charged to said second reactor.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said product from step i) is separated into (1) a heavy hydrocarbon stream comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons and (2) a first reactor bio-oil; and wherein said heavy hydrocarbon stream is charged to said second reactor in step ii) as at least a portion of said product charged to said second reactor.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said first reactor and said second reactor are each separately either a fluid bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, or a cyclone reactor.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said first reactor is operated at a temperature of from about 150 to about 600° C. and in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said first reactor is operated at a temperature of from about 250 to about 550° C. and in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said second reactor is operated at a temperature of from about 470 to about 600° C. and in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said second reactor is operated at a temperature of from about 520 to about 570° C. and in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein, prior to charging to said second reactor, said synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material is shredded and mixed with a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of: i) a portion of said second reactor bio-oil, ii) a petroleum fraction, and iii) a combination thereof.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein said biomass is subjected to pretreatment prior to charging to said first reactor; wherein said pretreatment comprises a method selected from the group consisting of: a) drying; b) heat treatment in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere; c) solvent explosion; d) mechanical treatment with catalyst particles; e) demineralization; f) swelling in an aqueous solvent; g) impregnation of catalytic agents, mineral acids, organic acids, or mineral bases, and h) combinations thereof.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said heat carrier material is a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a solid base, a clay, an inorganic oxide, an inorganic hydroxide, a zeolite, a supported metal, and combinations thereof.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said second reactor catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a solid base, a clay, an inorganic oxide, an inorganic hydroxide, a zeolite, a supported metal, and combinations thereof.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein said heat carrier material is sand.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein said synthetic polymer based material is selected from the group consisting of polyester, poly (methyl methacrylate), terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyvinylacetates, polystyrene, poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene), styrene-butadiene rubber, nylons, polyethylene, polyurethane prepolymer, polystyrene, polypropylene, acrylic resins, and combinations thereof.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein said synthetic thermoplastic polymer based material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein said feed further comprises materials selected from the group consisting of paper, cotton, and combinations thereof.