Barrier layer for glucose sensor
An optical glucose sensor comprising: a sensing region comprising a boronic acid receptor for binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor; an optical waveguide for directing incident light onto the sensing region; and a hydrophilic, polymeric, glucose-permeable barrier layer which is provided on at least a part of the sensing region; wherein the sensor is adapted so that glucose enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer.
1. An optical glucose sensor comprising:
a sensing region comprising a boronic acid receptor for binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor;
an optical waveguide for directing incident light onto the sensing region; and
a hydrophilic, polymeric, glucose-permeable barrier layer which is provided on at least a part of the sensing region, the barrier layer comprising a semi-permeable membrane having a polymer which incorporates a negative charge within the pores of the membrane, the membrane being formed by generating the polymer in situ by diffusing a monomer incorporating a negative charge into the pores of a membrane and initiating polymerisation;
wherein the sensor is adapted so that glucose enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer, and wherein the polymer which incorporates a negative charge does not comprise a boronic acid receptor or a fluorophore.
2. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane restricts the passage of proteins and glycated proteins having a molecular weight of 5000 Da or greater.
3. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane has an effective pore size of from 1 to 20 nm.
4. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 wherein a hydrophilic polymer is present within the pores of the membrane.
5. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the semi-permeable membrane is formed by diffusing a negatively charged monomer into the pores of a dialysis membrane and initiating polymerisation.
6. A glucose sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the semi-permeable membrane is formed by diffusing a negatively charged monomer into the pores of a microporous membrane and initiating polymerisation.
7. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 wherein the barrier layer incorporates an anion or a negatively charged group or molecule.
8. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 wherein the barrier layer comprises heparin.
9. The glucose sensor according to claim 1 wherein the sensing region is provided within a support and the barrier layer is provided on said support.
10. A method of manufacturing a glucose sensor according to claim 1 , which comprises
providing a sensing region comprising a boronic acid receptor for binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor;
providing an optical waveguide for directing incident light onto the sensing region; and
providing a hydrophilic, polymeric, glucose-permeable barrier layer on at least a part of the sensing region, the barrier layer comprising a semi-permeable membrane having a polymer which incorporates a negative charge within the pores of the membrane, the membrane being formed by generating the polymer in situ by diffusing a monomer incorporating a negative charge into the pores of a membrane and initiating polymerisation;
wherein the sensor is adapted so that glucose enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer, and wherein the polymer which incorporates a negative charge does not comprise a boronic acid receptor or a fluorophore.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the method comprises diffusing negatively charged monomer(s) into the pores of a microporous membrane and initiating polymerisation.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the method comprises diffusing negatively charged monomer(s) into the pores of a dialysis membrane and initiating polymerisation.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the barrier layer is a dialysis membrane produced by spinning a polymer solution comprising at least one negatively charged polymer.
14. A method of detecting and/or quantifying the amount of glucose in a sample, comprising inserting into the sample a glucose sensor according to claim 1 , providing incident light to the sensing region of the sensor and detecting the emission pattern of the fluorophore.
15. An optical glucose sensor comprising:
a sensing region comprising a boronic acid receptor for binding to glucose and a fluorophore associated with said receptor;
an optical waveguide for directing incident light onto the sensing region; and
a hydrophilic, polymeric, glucose-permeable barrier layer which is provided on at least a part of the sensing region, the barrier layer comprising a semi-permeable membrane having a polymer which incorporates a negative charge within the pores of the membrane, the membrane being formed by generating the polymer in situ by diffusing a monomer incorporating a negative charge into the pores of a membrane and initiating polymerisation;
wherein the sensor is adapted so that glucose enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer, wherein the membrane restricts the passage of proteins and glycated proteins having a molecular weight of 6000 Da or greater, and wherein the polymer which incorporates a negative charge does not comprise a boronic acid receptor or a fluorophore.