Biomarkers for theranostics
Biomarkers can be assessed for diagnostic, therapy-related or prognostic methods to identify phenotypes, such as a condition or disease, or the stage or progression of a disease. Circulating biomarkers from a bodily fluid can be used in profiling of physiological states or determining phenotypes. These include nucleic acids, protein, and circulating structures such as vesicles. Biomarkers can be used for theranostic purposes to select candidate treatment regimens for diseases, conditions, disease stages, and stages of a condition, and can also be used to determine treatment efficacy. The biomarkers can be circulating biomarkers, including vesicles and microRNA.
1. A method of characterizing a cancer in a subject, comprising:
a. isolating a vesicle population from a sample from the subject using a binding agent to an MMP7 polypeptide;
b. identifying a biosignature of the isolated vesicle population, wherein the biosignature comprises a presence or level of the MMP7 polypeptide; and
c. comparing the biosignature to a reference, wherein an elevated presence or level of the MMP7 polypeptide as compared to the reference indicates that the subject may be predisposed to or afflicted with cancer, thereby characterizing the cancer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a bodily fluid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bodily fluid comprises peripheral blood, sera, plasma, ascites, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sputum, saliva, bone marrow, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, amniotic fluid, breast milk, broncheoalveolar lavage fluid, semen, prostatic fluid, cowper's fluid, pre-ejaculatory fluid, female ejaculate, sweat, fecal matter, tears, cyst fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, chyme, chyle, bile, interstitial fluid, menses, pus, vomit, vaginal secretions, mucosal secretion, stool water, pancreatic juice, lavage fluids from sinus cavities, or bronchopulmonary aspirates.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the bodily fluid comprises serum or plasma.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vesicle population comprises vesicles with a diameter between 20 nm and 800 nm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vesicle population comprises vesicles with a diameter between 20 nm and 200 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein isolating the vesicle population further comprises size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, nanomembrane ultrafiltration, immunoabsorbent capture, affinity purification, affinity capture, immunoassay, microfluidic separation, or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen selected from the group consisting of EpCAM, B7H3, CD24, Tissue Factor, and a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen selected from the group consisting of CD63, CD9, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD53, Rab-5b, MFG-E8, Annexin V, and a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the isolation step comprises contacting the sample with at least one additional binding agent specific for at least one vesicle surface antigen other than MMP7.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent to the MMP7 polypeptide comprises, DNA molecule, RNA molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, aptamer, peptoid, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid (PNA), locked nucleic acids (LNA), lectin, peptide, dendrimer, membrane protein labeling agent, or chemical compound.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the biosignature comprises assessment of at least one nucleic acid.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one nucleic acid comprises at least one of mRNA and microRNA.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer or melanoma.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises prostate cancer and the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen consisting of at least one of PCSA and PSMA; and at least one of B7H3 and EpCam.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises prostate cancer and the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of the vesicle surface antigen PCSA.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises breast cancer and the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen selected from the group consisting of CD9, HSP70, Ga13, MIS, EGFR, ER, ICB3, CD63, B7H4, MUC1, DLL4, CD81, ERBB3, VEGF, BCA225, BRCA, CA125, CD174, CD24, ERBB2, NGAL, GPR30, CYFRA21, CD31, cMET, MUC2, ERBB4, and a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises breast cancer and the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen selected from the group consisting of CD9, EphA2, EGFR, B7H3, PSMA, PCSA, CD63, STEAP, CD81, B7H3, STEAP1, ICAM1 (CD54), A33, DR3, CD66e, MFG-e8, Hepsin, TMEM211, TROP-2, EGFR, Mammoglobin, Hepsin, NPGP/NPFF2, PSCA, 5T4, NGAL, NK-2, EpCam, NK-1R, 5T4, PAI-1, CD45, and a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises breast cancer and the biosignature further comprises a presence or level of at least one vesicle surface antigen selected from the group consisting of BRCA, cMET, DLL4, EphA2, EGFR, ER, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4, VEGF, and a combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosignature further comprises a presence, level or mutation in at least one of ABCC1, ABCG2, ACE2, ADA, ADH1C, ADH4, AGT, AR, AREG, ASNS, BCL2, BCRP, BDCA1, beta III tubulin, BIRC5, B-RAF, BRCA1, BRCA2, CA2, caveolin, CD20, CD25, CD33, CD52, CDA, CDKN2A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDK2, CDW52, CES2, CK 14, CK 17, CK 5/6, c-KIT, c-Met, c-Myc, COX-2, Cyclin D1, DCK, DHFR, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, E-Cadherin, ECGF1, EGFR, EML4-ALK fusion, EPHA2, Epiregulin, ER, ERBB2, ERCC1, ERCC3, EREG, ESR1, FLT1, folate receptor, FOLR1, FOLR2, FSHB, FSHPRH1, FSHR, FYN, GART, GNRH1, GNRHR1, GSTP1, HCK, HDAC1, hENT-1, Her2/Neu, HGF, HIF1A, HIG1, HSP90, HSP9OAA1, HSPCA, IGF-1R, IGFRBP, IGFRBP3, IGFRBP4, IGFRBP5, IL13RA1, IL2RA, KDR, Ki67, KIT, K-RAS, LCK, LTB, Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor, LYN, MET, MGMT, MLH1, MMR, MRP1, MS4A1, MSH2, MSH5, Myc, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKB1A, ODC1, OGFR, p16, p21, p27, p53, p95, PARP-1, PDGFC, PDGFR, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PGP, PGR, PI3K, POLA, POLA1, PPARG, PPARGC1, PR, PTEN, PTGS2, RAF1, RARA, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B, RXRB, RXRG, SPARC, SRC, SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, Survivin, TK1, TLE3, TNF, TOP1, TOP2A, TOP2B, TS, TXN, TXNRD1, TYMS, VDR, VEGF, VEGFA, VEGFC, VHL, YES1, and ZAP70.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one additional binding agent comprises DNA molecule, RNA molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, aptamer, peptoid, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid (PNA), locked nucleic acids (LNA), lectin, peptide, dendrimer, membrane protein labeling agent, chemical compound, or a combination thereof.