AC/DC converter station operated in dependence of voltage of capacitor connected in series between AC/DC converter and AC network interface and a method of operating the same

1. An AC/DC converter station for interconnection of a DC transmission line and an AC network, the AC/DC converter station including an AC/DC converter and a control system configured to control the AC/DC converter, the AC/DC converter station comprising:

a capacitor located at an AC side of the AC/DC converter and connected in series between the AC/DC converter and an AC network interface to which the AC network can be connected; and

a voltage measurement device arranged to measure a DC voltage across the capacitor and to deliver a capacitor voltage measurement signal indicative of a measured voltage; and wherein

the control system is responsively connected to the voltage measurement device and arranged to receive, from the voltage measurement device, the capacitor voltage measurement signal indicative of the measured voltage; and

the control system is arranged to perform the control of the AC/DC converter in dependence of the capacitor voltage measurement signal received from the voltage measurement device, wherein

the control system is arranged to check, using the capacitor voltage measurement signal received from the voltage measurement device, whether the DC voltage across the capacitor is about to exceed an acceptable level, and if so, to disconnect the AC/DC converter from the AC network.

2. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein

the control system comprises a pulse width modulator arranged to generate a control signal to be delivered to the AC/DC converter; and

the control system is arranged to use the capacitor voltage measurement signal from the voltage measurement device in determining a reference converter voltage waveform, and to supply a signal indicative of said reference converter voltage waveform to the pulse width modulator.

3. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein the capacitor is equipped with an over-voltage protection circuit.

4. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , comprising:

a second capacitor, wherein the capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in series and provided with a bypass loop having a switch, so that, in case of damage of one of the capacitor and the second capacitor, the one of the capacitor and the second capacitor can be by-passed and the other one of the capacitor and the second capacitor can be introduced in series between the AC/DC converter and the AC network.

5. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein

the AC/DC converter station comprises two AC/DC converters and wherein the control system is arranged to control a voltage at the AC converter interface of the AC/DC converter to have a non-zero DC voltage superposed on a rated AC voltage.

6. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein the capacitance C of the capacitor fulfils the relation

C

≳

1

2

⁢

π

⁢

⁢

f

⁢

I

0

U

0

⁢

A

where I 0 is a rated AC current of the AC/DC converter station, U 0 is a rated voltage of the AC/DC converter station, f is a frequency of the AC network to which the AC/DC converter station is arranged to be connected and A corresponds to an approximation of a ratio of p to w and takes a value 50 or larger, where p is a fraction of a AC voltage drop across the capacitor and w is a fraction of U 0 .

7. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein:

no transformer is connected in series between the AC/DC converter and the AC network interface of the AC/DC converter station.

8. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein the AC/DC converter is a voltage source converter.

9. A power transmission system comprising the AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 .

10. The AC/DC converter station according to claim 1 , wherein an AC voltage is applied to the capacitor.

11. A method of operating an AC/DC converter station for interconnection of a DC transmission line and an AC network wherein the AC/DC converter station includes an AC/DC converter and a control system configured to control the AC/DC converter, the method comprising:

measuring, by using a voltage measurement device, a DC voltage across a capacitor located at an AC side of the AC/DC converter and connected in series between the AC/DC converter and the AC network to which the AC/DC converter station is connected;

providing a capacitor voltage measurement signal indicative of the measured DC voltage to the control system; and

performing, in the control system, the control of the AC/DC converter in dependence of the capacitor voltage measurement signal received from the voltage measurement device,

wherein

checking, in the control system using capacitor voltage measurement signal(s) received from the voltage measurement device, whether the DC voltage across the capacitor is about to exceed an acceptable level, and if so, disconnecting the AC/DC converter from the AC network.

12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the performing in the control system comprises:

deriving, by use of the capacitor voltage measurement signal received from the voltage measurement device, an error signal in dependence of the difference between a reference DC voltage and the measured DC voltage across the capacitor ;

deriving, by use of at least one status signal indicative of measurements of voltage and/or current at the AC side and/or DC side of the AC/DC converter, a reference converter voltage waveform;

subtracting the error signal from the reference converter voltage waveform in order to obtain a modified reference converter voltage waveform; and

using the modified reference converter voltage waveform as a reference in the control of the AC/DC converter.

13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein an AC voltage is applied to the capacitor.