Secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic device
View Patent ↗A cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium, one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium, and oxygen as constituent elements. In a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method, a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V, and a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive. The absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
1. A secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution, wherein
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium transition metal complex compound includes magnesium on a surface thereof, or both on the surface thereof and inside thereof.
3. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the lithium transition metal complex compound includes a central portion including lithium, one, or two or more transition metals, and oxygen as constituent elements and a covering portion provided on part or all of the central portion, and
the central portion or the covering portion, or both include magnesium as a constituent element.
4. The secondary battery according to claim 3 , wherein the covering portion includes magnesium as a constituent element.
5. The secondary battery according to claim 3 , wherein the central portion includes one or more of compounds represented by Formula (1) to Formula (5) described below,
Li 0.9+a Co b M1 1−b O 2 (1)
where M1 represents one or more of Al, Mg, and Ba, and a and b satisfy 0≦a≦0.2 and 0<b≦1,
Li 0.9+c Ni d Co 1−e−e M2 e O 2 (2)
where M2 represents one or more of Mg, Al, Mn, and Ba, and c, d, and e satisfy 0≦c<0.2 and 0<d+e<1,
Li 1+f (Mn g Ni h Co 1−g−h ) 1−f O 2 (3)
where f, g, and h satisfy 0.05≦f<0.25, 0.5≦g<0.7, and 0≦h≦(1−g),
Li 1+i M3PO 4 (4)
where M3 represents one or more of Fe, Mn, and Co, and i satisfies 0≦i≦0.1,
Li 0.9+j Mn 2−k M4 k O 4 (5)
where M4 represents one or more of Al, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, and Ni, and j and k satisfy 0≦j≦0.2 and 0.5≦k<1.
6. The secondary battery according to claim 3 , wherein the covering portion including magnesium as a constituent element includes one or more of a carbonate, a sulfate, a phosphate, and a halide of magnesium.
7. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium transition metal complex compound includes cobalt as a transition metal.
8. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein an upper limit value of the charge voltage is from about 4.2 V to about 4.8 V both inclusive.
9. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein an upper limit value of the charge voltage is from about 4.25 V to about 4.8 V both inclusive.
10. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.
11. A battery pack comprising:
a secondary battery;
a control section controlling a usage state of the secondary battery; and
a switch section switching the usage state of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control section, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
12. An electric vehicle comprising:
a secondary battery;
a conversion section converting electric power supplied from the secondary battery to drive power;
a drive section operating according to the drive power; and
a control section controlling a usage state of the secondary battery, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
13. An electric power storage system comprising:
a secondary battery;
one, or two or more electric devices; and
a control section controlling supplying of electric power from the secondary battery to the electric device, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
14. An electric power tool comprising:
a secondary battery; and
a movable section being supplied with electric power from the secondary battery, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.
15. An electronic device comprising:
a secondary battery as an electric power supply source, wherein
the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
the cathode includes a lithium transition metal complex compound including lithium (Li), one, or two or more transition metals, magnesium (Mg), and oxygen (O) as constituent elements,
in a standardized X-ray absorption spectrum, having a horizontal axis indicating X-ray energy (eV) and a vertical axis indicating X-ray absorption intensity, of the lithium transition metal complex compound measured by an X-ray absorption spectroscopic method,
a first absorption edge having absorption edge energy E1 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits in a range where X-ray energy is from about 1303 eV to about 1313 eV both inclusive, in a discharged state in which a discharge voltage is about 3.0 V,
a second absorption edge having absorption edge energy E2 in X-ray absorption intensity of about 0.5 exits, in a charged state in which a charge voltage V is from about 4.3 V to about 4.5 V both inclusive, and
the absorption edge energies E1 and E2 and the charge voltage V satisfy a relation of E2−E1≧(V−4.25)×4.