Golf club head having trip step feature
View Patent ↗A golf club incorporating a trip step feature located on the crown section. The benefits associated with the reduction in aerodynamic drag force associated with the trip step may be applied to drivers, fairway woods, and hybrids. A portion of the trip step is located between a crown apex and the back of the club head and may be continuous or discontinuous. The trip step enables a reduction in the aerodynamic drag force exerted on the golf club by forcing the air passing over the club head from laminar flow to turbulent flow prior to the natural separation point of the airstream from the crown. This selectively engineered transition from laminar to turbulent flow over the crown section slightly increases the skin friction but results in less aerodynamic drag than if the air were to detach from the crown section at the natural separation point.
1. An aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
a) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), a toe ( 118 ), a volume of at least 400 cubic centimeters, and a maximum front-to-back dimension (fb) of at least 4.4 inches, wherein a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f);
b) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (teh) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above a ground plane (gp), and a lower edge height (leh) is the elevation of the lower edge ( 220 ) above the ground plane (gp);
c) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (ah) Above the ground plane (gp), wherein the crown section ( 400 ) has a trip step ( 500 ) having a portion located between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ), and the trip step ( 500 ) has;
i) a trip step heel end ( 550 ), a trip step toe end ( 560 ), and a trip step thickness ( 540 );
ii) a trip step leading edge ( 510 ) having a leading edge profile ( 512 ), and wherein:
a) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is located a trip step offset ( 514 ) behind the face top edge ( 210 );
b) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 );
c) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) at the trip step heel end ( 550 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-heel le offset ( 517 );
d) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) at the trip step toe end ( 560 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-toe le offset ( 518 );
e) a portion of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than a maximum top edge height (teh); and
f) the trip step ( 500 ) includes at least one curve that has a trip step radius of curvature (rts), and at least a portion of the trip step radius of curvature (rts) is less than twice the apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f).
2. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) that is at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than a maximum top edge height (teh), is located between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the toe ( 118 ).
3. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , further including a second portion of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) located between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the heel ( 116 ) that is at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than a maximum top edge height (teh).
4. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) has a trip step offset ( 514 ) that is greater than the maximum top edge height (teh).
5. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) has a maximum apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 ) that is at least four times a minimum apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 ).
6. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein at least fifty percent of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) that is at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than a maximum top edge height (teh), is located between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the toe ( 118 ).
7. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the most rearward point of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is located at the trip step toe end ( 560 ), and the crown apex ( 410 ) is located between a center of gravity (cg) and the toe ( 118 ).
8. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the club head ( 100 ) has a crown toe projection distance ( 420 ) measured in a direction parallel to a shaft axis (sa) in a plane parallel to the ground plane (gp) from a center of the face ( 200 ) to the most distant toe portion ( 118 ) of the club head ( 100 ), and the trip step ( 500 ) extends across at least fifty percent of the crown toe projection distance ( 420 ) at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than the maximum top edge height (teh).
9. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the trip step radius of curvature (rts) is at least fifty percent of the apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f), and no greater than one hundred and fifty percent of the apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f).
10. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the trip step ( 500 ) has at least a toe radius of curvature (rtst) and a heel radius of curvature (rtsh), and a portion of the heel radius of curvature (rtsh) at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than the maximum top edge height (teh) is greater than a portion of the toe radius of curvature (rtst) at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than the maximum top edge height (teh).
11. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is separated from a trip step trailing edge ( 520 ) by a trip step width ( 530 ), wherein the trip step width ( 530 ) is less than the apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 ).
12. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the hollow body ( 110 ) has a maximum top edge height (teh) of at least 2 inches and the trip step offset ( 514 ) is at least two inches.
13. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the trip step ( 500 ) projects outward from the club head ( 100 ) and a point of maximum projection has a trip step thickness ( 540 ), wherein the point of maximum projection does not extend above the crown apex ( 410 ).
14. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the trip step ( 500 ) projects inward toward an interior of the club head ( 100 ) and a point of maximum projection has a trip step depth ( 545 ), wherein the trip step depth ( 545 ) is at least five percent of the difference between the apex height (AH) and the top edge height (TEH).
15. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 14 , wherein the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is separated from a trip step trailing edge ( 520 ) by a trip step width ( 530 ), and the trip step width ( 530 ) is at least equal to twice the trip step depth ( 545 ).
16. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 1 , wherein the crown apex setback dimension ( 412 ) is less than a shortest distance between a vertical projection of the center of gravity (cg) on the ground plane (gp) and a second vertical projection of the forward most point on the face ( 200 ), and the crown apex ( 410 ) is located between a center of gravity (cg) and the toe ( 118 ).
17. An aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) comprising:
a) a hollow body ( 110 ) having a face ( 200 ), a sole section ( 300 ), a crown section ( 400 ), a front ( 112 ), a back ( 114 ), a heel ( 116 ), a toe ( 118 ), a volume of at least 400 cubic centimeters, and a maximum front-to-back dimension (fb) of at least 4.4 inches, wherein a portion of the crown section ( 400 ) between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the face ( 200 ) has an apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f);
b) the face ( 200 ) having a top edge ( 210 ) and a lower edge ( 220 ), wherein a top edge height (teh) is the elevation of the top edge ( 210 ) above a ground plane (gp), and a lower edge height (leh) is the elevation of the lower edge ( 220 ) above the ground plane (gp), a maximum top edge height (teh) of at least 2 inches;
C) the crown section ( 400 ) having a crown apex ( 410 ) located an apex height (ah) above the ground plane (gp), wherein the crown section ( 400 ) has a trip step ( 500 ) having a portion located between the crown apex ( 410 ) and the back ( 114 ), and the trip step ( 500 ) has;
i) a trip step heel end ( 550 ), a trip step toe end ( 560 ), and a trip step thickness ( 540 );
ii) a trip step leading edge ( 510 ) having a leading edge profile ( 512 ), and wherein:
a) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is located a trip step offset ( 514 ) behind the face top edge ( 210 ) wherein the trip step offset ( 514 ) is at least 2 inches;
b) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 );
c) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) at the trip step heel end ( 550 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-heel le offset ( 517 );
d) the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) at the trip step toe end ( 560 ) is located behind the crown apex ( 410 ) an apex-to-toe le offset ( 518 );
e) a portion of the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is at an elevation above the ground plane (gp) that is less than a maximum top edge height (teh); and
f) the trip step ( 500 ) includes at least one curve that has a trip step radius of curvature (rts), and at least a portion of the trip step radius of curvature (rts) is less than twice the apex-to-front radius of curvature (ra-f).
18. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 17 , wherein the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) has a maximum apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 ) that is at least four times a minimum apex-to-leading edge offset ( 516 ).
19. The aerodynamic golf club head ( 100 ) of claim 17 , wherein the trip step leading edge ( 510 ) is separated from a trip step trailing edge ( 520 ) by a trip step width ( 530 ), and the trip step width ( 530 ) is at least equal to twice the trip step depth ( 545 ).