COMPOSITIONS, EMULSIONS, AND METHODS FOR MAKING COMPOSITIONS AND EMULSIONS
Compositions and methods for making compositions useful for imparting water resistance to gypsum products are disclosed. Processes for making gypsum products made from an emulsion of the composition are also disclosed. The compositions of the invention include at least one paraffin wax, a saponifiable wax, and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. The composition may further include water and be in the form of an emulsion.
1 . A composition, comprising:
at least one paraffin wax;
a saponifiable wax;
a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and
an alkali metal hydroxide.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion comprises:
a paraffin wax comprising a melting point from about 54° C. and about 74° C., an oil content from about 0.1% to less than 20% by weight of the wax;
a saponifiable wax, wherein the saponifiable wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40;
a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and
an alkali metal hydroxide.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising water, wherein the composition comprises an emulsion.
4 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the paraffin wax comprises from about 25% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion, and the saponifiable wax comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
5 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer comprises from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer comprises a molar ratio of styrene to maleic anhydride from about 1:1 to about 8:1.
7 . The composition of claim 6 , wherein the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer comprises two or more separate styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers each having a molar ratio of styrene to maleic anhydride from about 1:1 to about 8:1.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer comprises a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a hydrolyzed styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a cumene end-capped styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, an ammonium salt of cumene end-capped styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a sodium salt of cumene end-capped styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, an ammonium salt of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a sodium salt of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer ester formed from the partial esterfication of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride amic acid copolymer, copolymers of styrene and dimethylaminopropylamine maleimide, sulfonated styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and combinations thereof.
9 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic metallic salt, an ionic dispersant, polyvinyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
10 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the hydrophilic metallic salt is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
11 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the hydrophilic metallic salt comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium acetate, ammonium heptamolybdate, and combinations thereof.
12 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the ionic dispersant comprises a mixture of a polynaphthalenesulfonic acid, a lignosulfonate, and polynaphthalene sulfonate calcium salt.
13 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol comprises from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
14 . The composition of claim 9 , comprising:
at least one paraffin wax comprising a melting point from about 54° C. and about 74° C., an oil content from about 0.1% to less than 20% by weight of the wax;
the saponifiable wax, wherein the saponifiable wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40;
polyvinyl alcohol;
the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer;
the alkali metal hydroxide; and
water.
15 . The composition of emulsion of claim 1 , wherein the polyvinyl alcohol comprises from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
16 . The composition of claim 9 , comprising:
at least one paraffin wax comprising a melting point from about 54° C. and about 74° C., an oil content from about 0.1% to less than 20% by weight of the wax;
the saponifiable wax, wherein the saponifiable wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40;
the ionic dispersant;
the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer;
the alkali metal hydroxide; and
water.
17 . The composition of claim 16 , wherein the ionic dispersant comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polynaphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, a lignosulfonate, polynaphthalene sulfonate calcium salt, and combinations thereof.
18 . The composition of claim 16 , wherein the ionic dispersant comprises from about 0.25% to about 5.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion.
19 . The composition of claim 9 , comprising:
at least one paraffin wax comprising a melting point from about 54° C. and about 74° C., an oil content from about 0.1% to less than 20% by weight of the wax;
the saponifiable wax, wherein the saponifiable wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40;
the hydrophilic metallic salt
an ionic dispersant comprising a mixture of a polynaphthalenesulfonic acid, a lignosulfonate, and polynaphthalene sulfonate calcium salt;
the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer;
the alkali metal hydroxide; and
water
20 . The composition of claim 19 , wherein the hydrophilic metallic salt is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition and the ionic dispersant from about 0.25% to about 5.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
21 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the alkali metal hydroxide comprises from about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
22 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the water comprises from about 55% to about 65% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion.
23 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion is free of a hydrophilic metallic salt, free of an ionic dispersant, free of polyvinyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.
24 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the saponifiable wax comprises a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax, wherein the a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40
25 . A gypsum product comprising gypsum and the composition of claim 1 .
26 . A method for making a composition according to claim 1 , comprising:
providing components comprising:
at least one paraffin wax;
a saponifiable wax;
a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and
an alkali metal hydroxide; and
combining the components in one or more processing steps to form a resultant mixture; and
homogenizing the resultant mixture.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the components comprise:
at least one paraffin wax comprising a melting point from about 54° C. and about 74° C., an oil content from about 0.1% to less than 20% by weight of the wax;
a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax, wherein the a saponifiable wax substitute for montan wax comprises a solidification temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C., a saponification value from about 30 to about 120, and an acid value from about 10 to about 40;
a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and
an alkali metal hydroxide;
28 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the mixture further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic metallic salt, an ionic dispersant, water, and combinations thereof.
29 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the composition further comprises sufficient water to form an emulsion.
30 . A method for making an emulsion according to claim 3 , comprising:
providing a first mixture comprising at least one paraffin wax, a saponifiable wax, an alkali metal hydroxide, and water;
homogenizing the first mixture;
providing a second mixture comprising a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer; and
combining the first mixture and the second mixture to form a resultant mixture.