Method of manufacturing integrated circuit devices

1. A method of manufacturing integrated circuit devices comprising:

supporting a semiconductor wafer in a substantially horizontal orientation;

providing a transducer assembly comprising a probe having a forward portion, and a rear portion and no more than one piezoelectric transducer element coupled to the rear portion of the probe;

supporting the transducer assembly so that the forward portion of the probe is adjacent to but spaced from a first surface of the semiconductor wafer;

rotating the semiconductor wafer;

applying a fluid to the first surface of the semiconductor wafer so as to form a film of the fluid between at least a portion of the forward portion and the first surface of the semiconductor wafer; and

transmitting acoustical energy that is generated by the no more than one piezoelectric transducer element into the film of the fluid via the forward portion, the acoustical energy loosening particles from the first surface of the semiconductor wafer.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the forward portion is a cylindrical rod.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the rear portion has a cross-section that is greater than a cross-section of the forward portion.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the acoustical energy that is generated by the transducer is focused as it is transmitted through the probe from the rear portion to the forward portion.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor wafer is supported in a gaseous atmosphere when the acoustical energy is transmitted to the film of the fluid.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the fluid is applied to the first surface of the semiconductor wafer by a nozzle.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the acoustical energy is megasonic energy.