Process for increasing the efficiency of heat removal from a Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor
The present invention is directed to a cooling system for removing heat from a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor. The cooling system including a downcomer disposed within the F-T reactor to deliver a coolant downward through the F-T reactor at a predetermined velocity. The downcomer and the pressure of the introduced coolant cooperate to increase the coolant velocity, thereby maintaining the coolant in the substantially liquid phase in the downcomer. The cooling system further includes a plenum connected to the downcomer, wherein the coolant remains in the substantially liquid phase. Additionally, the cooling system includes at least one riser extending upward from the plenum, wherein a portion of the coolant vaporizes to provide a boiling heat transfer surface on the at least one riser.
1. A cooling system for removing heat from a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor, comprising:
at least one downcomer having an upper portion and a lower portion; the at least one downcomer disposed within the F-T reactor to deliver a coolant downward through the F-T reactor, the at least one downcomer extending a length within the F-T reactor wherein the coolant is introduced into the upper portion of the at least one downcomer in a substantially liquid phase;
a plenum connected to the lower portion of the at least one downcomer; the plenum being in fluid communication with the at least one downcomer wherein the coolant remains in the substantially liquid phase in the lower portioin of the at least one downcomer;
at least one riser having a length and extending upward from the plenum; the at least one riser in fluid communication with the plenum wherein a portion of the coolant vaporizes as the coolant travels along the length of the at least one riser, and wherein the at least one downcomer, the plenum, and the at least one riser defining a flow path by which the coolant travels through the F-T reactor; and
a restrictor having a first side, a second side, and an opening with a beta ratio in a range from 0.25 to 0.5, the restrictor positioned within the F-T reactor in a predetermined portion of the flow path to generate backpressure of the coolant on the first side of the restrictor to maintain the coolant on the first side of the restrictor in the substantially liquid phase and vaporize a portion of the coolant on the second side of the restrictor to provide a boiling heat transfer surface in the at least one riser.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the restrictor is a reducer.
3. The cooling system of claim 2 , wherein the reducer is positioned upstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
4. The cooling system of claim 2 , wherein the reducer is positioned downstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
5. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the restrictor is an orifice plate.
6. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the restrictor is positioned upstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
7. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the restrictor is positioned downstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
8. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the restrictor is positioned on the at least one downcomer or on the at least one riser.
9. A Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor, comprising:
at least one downcomer having an upper portion and a lower portion; the at least one downcomer disposed within the F-T reactor to deliver a coolant downward through the F-T reactor, the at least one downcomer extending a length within the F-T reactor wherein the coolant is introduced into the upper portion of the at least one downcomer in a substantially liquid phase;
a plenum connected to the lower portion of the at least one downcomer, the plenum being in fluid communication with the at least one downcomer; wherein the coolant remains in the substantially liquid phase in the lower portion of the at least one downcomer;
at least one riser having a length and extending upward from the plenum, the at least one riser being in fluid communication with the plenum; wherein a portion of the coolant vaporizes as the coolant travels along the length of the at least one riser, and wherein the at least one downcomer, the plenum, and the at least one riser define a flow path by which the coolant travels through the F-T reactor; and
a restrictor having a first side, a second side, and an opening with a beta ratio in a range from 0.25 to 0.5, the restrictor being positioned within the F-T reactor in a predetermined portion of the flow path to generate backpressure in the coolant on the first side of the restrictor to maintain the coolant on the first side of the restrictor in the substantially liquid phase and vaporize a portion of the coolant on the second side of the restrictor to provide a boiling heat transfer surface on the at least one riser.
10. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 9 , wherein the restrictor is a reducer.
11. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 9 , wherein the restrictor is an orifice plate.
12. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 9 , wherein the restrictor is positioned upstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
13. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 9 , wherein the restrictor is positioned downstream of the plenum in the flow path of the coolant.
14. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 9 , wherein the restrictor is positioned on the at least one downcomer or on the at least one riser.
15. A Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor comprising a cooling system, wherein the cooling system comprises:
a downcomer having an upper portion and a lower portion; the downcomer disposed within the F-T reactor to deliver a coolant that remains in a substantially liquid phase in the lower portion;
a plenum connected to the lower portion, the plenum being in fluid communication with the downcomer;
a riser extending substantially upward from the plenum, the riser being in fluid communication with the plenum; wherein a portion of the coolant vaporizes as the coolant travels through the riser; and
a restrictor having a first side, a second side, and an opening with a beta ratio in a range from 0.25 to 0.5, the restrictor being positioned within the F-T reactor and configured to generate backpressure in the coolant on the first side of the restrictor to maintain the coolant on the first side of the restrictor in the substantially liquid phase and vaporize a portion of the coolant on the second side of the restrictor.
16. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 15 , wherein the restrictor is a reducer.
17. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 15 , wherein the restrictor is an orifice plate.
18. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 15 , wherein the restrictor is positioned upstream of the plenum.
19. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 15 , wherein the restrictor is positioned downstream of the plenum.
20. The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) slurry reactor of claim 15 , wherein the restrictor is positioned on the downcomer or on the riser.