Extrusion expansion of low molecular weight polyalkylene terephthalate for production of expanded beads
An extrusion expansion of low molecular weight polyalkylene terephthalates having an IV of below 1.0 dl/g to produce gas-charged beads is disclosed. The process includes an extrusion expanding of the resins and an underwater pelletizing of the melt threads. The obtained beads show a composite structure and are characterized by an IV of 0.69 dl/g or more and a melt viscosity η 0 of higher than 300 Pa·s.
1. Expanded beads of a polyalkylene terephthalate resin, wherein the expanded beads comprise a cellular core encapsulated by a compact skin, wherein the cellular core comprises a fine-cell center and a microcellular layer,
wherein the compact skin has a thickness between 30 μm and less than 120 μm;
wherein the microcellular layer is adjacent to the compact skin and has a thickness not higher than 100 μm and a cell size below 15 μm;
wherein the fine-cell center has a cell size below 400 μm, and
wherein the expanded beads have an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.69 dl/g according to ASTM D4603-03, a melt viscocity η 0 of more than 300 Pa·s according to ASTM D4440 at 280° C. and a density 400 kg/m 3 according to DIN ISO 1183.
2. The beads according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size ranges from 1 to 20 mm.
3. The beads according to claim 1 , wherein the crystallinity degree of the beads is lower than 10%.
4. The beads according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkylene terephthalate resin before the expansion process has an intrinsic viscosity of below 1.0 dl/g according to ASTM D4603-03.
5. The beads according to claim 1 , wherein the polyalkylene terephthalate is a polyethylene terephthalate.
6. The beads according to claim 5 , wherein the polyethylene terephthalate is selected from a bottle-grade PET resin having an IV of between 0.75 and 1.00 dl/g according to ASTM D4603-03, a fiber-grade PET resin having an IV of between 0.55 and 0.67 dl/g according to ASTM D4603-03 or a post-consumer PET resin having an IV below 1.0 dl/g according to ASTM D4603-03 or a mixture thereof.
7. The beads according to claim 1 , wherein a multifunctional chain-extending compound is used and selected from tetracarboxylic dianhydride, polyepoxides, oxazolines, oxazines, acyllactams or sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant or a mixture thereof.
8. A process for preparation the expanded beads according to claim 1 , comprising an extrusion foaming of polyalkylene terephthalate and pelletizing of the melt threads.
9. An underwater pelletizing process according to claim 8 , wherein the melt mixture released from the die orifices is pelletized by rotating blades in a water box, where the cooling water is tempered at a temperature below 90° C. and a water backpressure below 10 bar is applied.
10. Articles or semi-finished parts containing the expanded beads according to claim 1 .