Spark plug including electrodes with low swelling rate and high corrosion resistance
View Patent ↗A spark plug ( 20 ) includes a center electrode ( 24 ) and a ground electrode ( 22 ). The electrodes ( 22, 24 ) include a core ( 26 ) formed of a copper (Cu) alloy and a clad ( 28 ) formed of a nickel (Ni) alloy enrobing the core ( 26 ). The Cu alloy includes Cu in an amount of at least 98.5 weight percent, and at least one of Zr and Cr in an amount of at least 0.05 weight percent. The Cu alloy includes a matrix of the Cu and precipitates of the Zr and Cu dispersed in the Cu matrix. The Ni alloy of the clad ( 28 ) includes Ni in an amount of at least 90.0 weight percent. The Ni alloy also includes at least one of a Group 3 element, a Group 4 element, a Group 13 element, chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn) in a total amount sufficient to affect the strength of the Ni alloy.
1. A method of forming an electrode for use in a spark plug, comprising the steps of:
providing a core formed of a Cu alloy, the Cu alloy including, in weight percent of the Cu alloy: Cu in an amount of at least 98.50 weight percent, and at least one of Zr and Cr in a total amount of at least 0.05 weight percent;
providing a Ni alloy including, in weight percent of the Ni alloy: Ni in an amount of at least 90.0 weight percent; at least one of a Group 3 element, a Group 4 element, and a Group 13 element; and at least one of chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn); and
forming the Ni alloy into a clad ( 28 ) covering the core ( 26 ).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the core includes providing the Cu alloy as a powder; pressing the Cu alloy powder; and heating the Cu alloy powder.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of forming the Ni alloy into the clad includes providing the Ni alloy as a powder; pressing the Ni alloy powder onto the core; and heating the Ni alloy powder.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heating step includes sintering.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes, in weight percent of the Cu alloy, the at least one of Zr and Cr in a total amount of at least 0.05 weight percent.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes a matrix of the Cu and precipitates of the at least one of Zr and Cu dispersed in the Cu matrix.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes Cu in an amount up to 99.95 weight percent, and the at least one of Zr and Cr in an amount up to 1.5 weight percent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes at least one of tellurium (Te), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), silver (Ag), boron (B), beryllium (Be), phosphorous (P), titanium (Ti), and sulfur (S) in a total amount of 0.01 to 1.45 weight percent.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the Cu of the Cu alloy is a matrix and the at least one of tellurium (Te), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), silver (Ag), boron (B), beryllium (Be), phosphorous (P), titanium (Ti), and sulfur (S) are precipitates dispersed in the Cu matrix.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes Cu in an amount of 98.81 weight percent to 99.05 weight percent and Zr in an amount of 0.05 weight percent to 0.15 weight percent.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Cu alloy includes Cu in an amount of 99.81 weight percent to 99.95 weight percent, Zr in an amount of 0.05 weight percent to 0.09 weight percent, and Cr in an amount of 0.9 weight percent to 1.10 weight percent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes the at least one Group 3 elements, Group 4 element, and Group 13 element; and the at least one chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn) in a total amount of 1.0 weight percent to 10.0 weight percent.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes the at least one Group 3 element in an amount of 0.01 weight percent to 0.2 weight percent.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes the at least one Group 4 element in an amount of 0.01 weight percent to 0.5 weight percent.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one Group 13 element includes Al.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes Ni in an amount of 96.8 weight percent to 97.9 weight percent, Al in an amount of 1.0 weight percent to 1.5 weight percent, Si in an amount of 1.0 weight percent to 1.5 weight percent, and Y in an amount of 0.01 weight percent to 0.2 weight percent.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes Ni in an amount of 94.85 weight percent to 95.9 weight percent, Cr in an amount of 1.65 weight percent to 1.90 weight percent, Mn in an amount of 1.8 weight percent to 2.1 weight percent, Si in an amount of 0.35 weight percent to 0.55 weight percent, Ti in an amount of 0.2 weight percent to 0.4 weight percent, and Zr in an amount of 0.1 weight percent to 0.2 weight percent.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ni alloy includes Ni in an amount of 91.30 weight percent to 99.69 weight percent; Al in an amount of 0.1 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent; Si in an amount of 0.1 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent; Cr in an amount of 0.1 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent; Mn in an amount of 0.1 weight percent to 2.0 weight percent; and at least one of Y in an amount of 0.01 weight percent to 0.1 weight percent, Zr in an amount of 0.01 weight percent to 0.2 weight percent and, Ti in an amount of 0.05 weight percent to 0.4 weight percent.
19. A method of forming a spark plug having at least one electrode, comprising the steps of:
providing a core formed of a Cu alloy, the Cu alloy including, in weight percent of the Cu alloy: Cu in an amount of at least 98.50 weight percent, and at least one of Zr and Cr in a total amount of at least 0.05 weight percent;
providing a Ni alloy including, in weight percent of the Ni alloy: Ni in an amount of at least 90.0 weight percent; at least one of a Group 3 element, a Group 4 element, and a Group 13 element; and at least one of chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn); and
forming the Ni alloy into a clad ( 28 ) covering the core ( 26 ).