The present invention includes domain I modifications that improve various attributes of various Coleopteran-active Cry proteins. These attributes can include improved target pest spectrum, potency, and insect resistance management. The subject modifications can affect protoxin activation and the efficiency of pore formation, which can lead to enhanced insect intoxication.
1. A Cry3A protein having a protease cleavage site inserted between α-Helix2A and α-Helix2B in domain I.
2. The protein of claim 1 wherein said protein is a Cry3Aa protein.
3. A method of inhibiting an insect, said method comprising providing the protein of claim 1 to said insect for ingestion.
4. A polynucleotide encoding the protein of claim 1 .
5. A plant cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 4 .
6. A plant comprising a plurality of the plant cell of claim 5 .
7. A method of protecting a plant from insect damage, said method comprising providing the protein of claim 1 to said insect for ingestion.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said protein is produced by and is present in said plant.
9. The protein of claim 1 , wherein said protease cleavage site is more susceptible to cleavage by an insect protease than by a plant protease.