Circuits for controlling an array of light modulators of a display apparatus to generate display images
A display includes an array of light modulators each having a first actuator and a second actuator. A control matrix includes a circuit having a first state inverter having an output coupled to an input of a second state inverter. A data store capacitor is coupled to an input of the first inverter and configured to store a data voltage corresponding to a future pixel state of the pixel. A first update interconnect is coupled to the first state inverter and configured such that altering a voltage applied to the first update interconnect causes the first actuator to respond to the stored data voltage. A second update interconnect is coupled to the second state inverter and configured such that altering a voltage applied to the second update interconnect causes the second actuator to respond to a voltage state of the first inverter.
1. A display apparatus, comprising:
an array of display elements, each having a first actuator configured to drive the display element into a first state and a second actuator configured to drive the display element into a second state; and
a control matrix including, for each pixel,
a circuit including a first state inverter and a second state inverter, the first state inverter having an output coupled to an input of the second state inverter;
a first update interconnect coupled to the first state inverter, the first update interconnect configured such that altering a voltage applied to the first update interconnect causes the first actuator to respond to a data voltage corresponding to a future pixel state of the pixel; and
a second update interconnect coupled to the second state inverter, the second update interconnect configured such that altering a voltage applied to the second update interconnect causes the second actuator to respond to a voltage state of the first inverter.
2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control matrix is using transistors having a layer of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO).
3. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a data store capacitor coupled to an input of the first inverter and configured to store the data voltage.
4. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display apparatus is configured to maintain the actuation voltage interconnect at about an actuation voltage throughout addressing and actuation of the plurality of display elements.
5. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display apparatus is configured to: lower a voltage applied to the first update interconnect to a first low voltage to cause the first inverter to respond to the data voltage, and
after the first inverter responds to the data voltage, lower a voltage applied to the second update interconnect to cause the second inverter to respond to the voltage state of the first inverter.
6. The display apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first inverter includes a first discharge transistor coupled to the first update interconnect and the second inverter includes a second discharge transistor coupled to the second update interconnect, an output of the first discharge transistor is coupled to the input of the second discharge transistor, and wherein
upon lowering the voltage applied to the first update interconnect to the first low voltage, the first discharge transistor is responsive to the data voltage causing the first inverter to assume a state responsive to the data voltage; and
upon lowering the voltage applied to the second update interconnect, the second discharge transistor is responsive to the state of the first inverter such that the second inverter assumes a state opposite the state of the first inverter.
7. The display apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising activating at least one light source responsive to the second inverter assuming a state opposite the state of the first inverter.
8. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display apparatus is configured to: raise a voltage applied to the first update interconnect to a first voltage state to cause the first inverter to respond to the data voltage, and
after the first inverter responds to the data voltage, raise a voltage applied to the second update interconnect to cause the second inverter to respond to the voltage state of the first inverter.
9. The display apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first inverter includes a first discharge transistor coupled to the first update interconnect and the second inverter includes a second discharge transistor coupled to the second update interconnect, an output of the first discharge transistor is coupled to the input of the second discharge transistor, and wherein
upon raising the voltage applied to the first update interconnect to the first voltage state, the first discharge transistor is responsive to the data voltage causing the first inverter to assume a state responsive to the data stored on the data voltage; and
upon raising the voltage applied to the second update interconnect, the second discharge transistor is responsive to the state of the first inverter such that the second inverter assumes a state opposite the state of the first inverter.
10. The display apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising activating at least one light source responsive to the second inverter assuming a state opposite the state of the first inverter.
11. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circuit is symmetric such that the input of the first state inverter and the input of the second state inverter are configured to receive complementary data inputs.
12. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circuit includes one of only n-type transistors and only p-type transistors.
13. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circuit further includes a single actuation voltage interconnect coupled to the first state inverter and the second state inverter.
14. The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the first state inverter includes a first charge transistor coupled to the actuation voltage interconnect and the second inverter includes a second charge transistor coupled to the actuation voltage interconnect.
15. The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the first state inverter includes a first diode connected transistor and the second state inverter includes a second diode connected transistor, and wherein the first diode connected transistor and the second diode connected transistor are connected to a single actuation voltage interconnect.
16. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circuit further includes a pre-charge voltage interconnect coupled to the first state inverter and the second state inverter.
17. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display elements include light modulators.
18. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display elements include electromechanical system (EMS) display elements.
19. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the display elements include microelectromechanical system (MEMS) display elements.
20. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a display including the array of display elements;
a processor that is configured to communicate with the display, the processor being configured to process image data; and
a memory device that is configured to communicate with the processor.
21. The display apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
a driver circuit configured to send at least one signal to the display; and wherein
the processor further configured to send at least a portion of the image data to the driver circuit.
22. The display apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
an image source module configured to send the image data to the processor, wherein the image source module comprises at least one of a receiver, transceiver, and transmitter.
23. The display apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
an input device configured to receive input data and to communicate the input data to the processor.