Systems configured to power at least one device disposed in a living subject, and related apparatuses and methods

1. A system, comprising:

an optical-electrical converter configured to be disposed within a living subject, receive one or more first optical signals transmitted transdermally into the living subject, and convert the one or more first optical signals into electrical energy;

an energy-storage device configured to be disposed within the living subject and coupled to the optical-electrical converter to receive at least a portion of the electrical energy therefrom, the energy-storage device further configured to store the at least a portion of the electrical energy received from the optical-electrical converter; and

an electrical-optical converter configured to be disposed within the living subject and coupled to the energy-storage device, the electrical-optical converter further configured to receive the at least a portion of the electrical energy from the energy-storage device and convert the at least a portion of the electrical energy into one or more second optical signals, the electrical-optical converter additionally configured to emit the one or more second optical signals to at least one of irradiate one or more therapeutic drugs disposed within the living subject or power at least one device disposed within the living subject.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical-electrical converter includes one or more photodiodes.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy-storage device includes a capacitive device.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the energy-storage device includes a battery.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical-optical converter includes one or more light-emitting devices.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more optical waveguides optically coupled to the electrical-optical converter and configured to guide the one or more second optical signals to a selected location within the living subject.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more optical waveguides include one or more optical fibers.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one device includes an additional optical-electrical converter positioned to receive the one or more second optical signals from the one or more waveguides and configured to convert the one or more second optical signals into one or more electrical power signals that power the at least one device.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a beam director configured to direct the one or more second optical signals.

10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an optical element configured to focus the one or more second optical signals.

11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a biocompatible packaging enclosing at least one of the optical-electrical converter, the energy-storage device, or the electrical-optical converter.

12. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an external optical power source configured to output the one or more first optical signals.

13. A system, comprising:

an optical-electrical converter configured to be disposed within a living subject, receive one or more first optical signals transmitted transdermally into the living subject, and convert the one or more first optical signals into electrical energy;

an energy-storage device configured to be disposed within the living subject and coupled to the optical-electrical converter to receive at least a portion of the electrical energy therefrom, the energy-storage device further configured to store the at least a portion of the electrical energy received from the optical-electrical converter;

an electrical-optical converter configured to be disposed within the living subject and coupled to the energy-storage device, the electrical-optical converter further configured to receive the at least a portion of the electrical energy from the energy-storage device and convert the at least a portion of the electrical energy into one or more second optical signals;

at least one device disposed within the living subject including an additional optical-electrical converter positioned to receive the one or more second optical signals and configured to convert the one or more second optical signals into one or more electrical power signals that power the at least one device; and

a biocompatible packaging enclosing at least one of the optical-electrical converter, the energy-storage device, the electrical-optical converter, or the at least one device.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the optical-electrical converter includes one or more photodiodes.

15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the electrical-optical converter includes one or more light-emitting devices.

16. The system of claim 13 , further comprising one or more optical waveguides optically coupled to the electrical-optical converter and configured to guide the one or more second optical signals to a selected location within the living subject.

17. The system of claim 13 , further comprising a beam director configured to direct the one or more second optical signals, or an optical element configured to focus the one or more second optical signals.

18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the biocompatible packaging encloses each of the optical-electrical converter, the energy-storage device, the electrical-optical converter, and the at least one device.

19. The system of claim 13 , further comprising an external optical power source configured to output the one or more first optical signals.

20. The system of claim 13 , wherein the at least one device includes at least one of a drug delivery device, a micro-electro-mechanical device, a bone extension device, a biosensor, a heart pacemaker, a heart stimulator, or a neurostimulator.