Apparatus and method to control an implant
A device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a housing configured to retain a battery, a primary antenna associated with the housing, and at least one processor in electrical communication with the battery and the primary antenna. In some embodiments, the at least one processor may be configured to cause transmission of a primary signal from the primary antenna to an implantable device during a treatment session of at least three hours in duration, wherein the primary signal is generated using power supplied by the battery and includes a pulse train, the pulse train including a plurality of modulation pulses.
1. A sleep disordered breathing therapy device, comprising:
a housing configured for location external to a body of a subject and to retain a battery;
a primary antenna associated with the housing; and
at least one processor in electrical communication with the battery and the primary antenna, the at least one processor configured to:
cause transmission of a primary signal from the primary antenna to an implant unit implanted in a region of the subject including at least one of a neck, an underside of a chin, and a head of a subject during a treatment session, wherein the primary signal is generated using power supplied by the battery and includes a pulse train, the pulse train including a plurality of stimulation pulses provided over a period of at least three hours in duration, wherein the plurality of stimulation pulses cause stimulation of a hypoglossal nerve.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of stimulation pulses includes an alternating current signal.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the alternating current signal has a frequency between 6.5 and 13.6 megahertz.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of stimulation pulses includes a plurality of stimulation sub-pulses, each stimulation sub-pulse having a duration of between 50 and 250 microseconds.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of stimulation pulses includes between 5 and 15 stimulation sub-pulses.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause transmission of the primary signal for at least 90% of the treatment session.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity of less than 240 mAh.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity of less than 120 mAh.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity of less than 60 mAh.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the pulse train includes more than at least one of 5000, 10,000, and 100,000 stimulation pulses.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein a temporal spacing between a majority of the plurality of stimulation pulses is less than 1.3 seconds.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein stimulation pulses occur at a frequency chosen from among four, eight, and sixteen times a breathing frequency.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein a majority of the plurality of stimulation pulses have a pulse duration of at least 200 milliseconds.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the housing and the primary antenna is flexible to an extent permitting it to generally conform to the contours of a subject's skin.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the implantable device includes at least one pair of stimulation electrodes, and is configured to cause a muscular contraction inducing current to cause a contraction of a genioglossus muscle of the subject at the at least one pair of stimulation electrodes when the primary signal is received by the implant unit.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein stimulation pulses are temporally spaced so as not to permit a complete relaxation of the genioglossus muscle after muscular contraction.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein power transferred by the primary signal to the implant is used both to activate the implant and to cause a muscular contraction inducing current.