Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge
View Patent ↗An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a surface layer containing fluorine resin particles, and the fluorine resin particles exposed on a surface satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.5≦( A )/( B )≦10 Expression (1) wherein, (A) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 5 to 20 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (B) represents a total number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated and aggregated particles in which 2 to 4 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.
1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:
a substrate; and
a photosensitive layer,
wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a surface layer containing fluorine resin particles, and the fluorine resin particles exposed on a surface satisfy the following Expression (1):
0.5≦( A )/( B )≦10 Expression (1)
wherein, (A) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 5 to 20 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (B) represents a total number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated and aggregated particles in which 2 to 4 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the fluorine resin particles contained in a part of 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer satisfy the following Expression (2):
0.1≦( C )/( D )≦3 Expression (2)
wherein, (C) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 2 to 5 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (D) represents a number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein in the fluorine resin particles exposed on the surface, a number of aggregated particles in which 21 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated is 5 or less.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the fluorine resin particles contained in a part of 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer include 5 or less aggregated particles in which 6 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the (A)/(B) is from 2 to 10.
6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 ,
wherein the (C)/(D) is from 0.2 to 3.
7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein a content of the fluorine resin particles is from 1% by weight to 15% by weight with respect to the surface layer.
8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein an average primary particle diameter of the fluorine resin particles is from 0.05 μm to 1 μm.
9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein the fluorine resin particles are selected from a tetrafluoroethylene resin, a trifluoroethylene chloride resin, a hexafluoropropylene resin, a vinyl fluoride resin, a vinylidene fluoride resin, and a difluorodichloroethylene resin.
10. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,
wherein a fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer is further contained.
11. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image; and
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a recording medium,
wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 .
12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11 ,
wherein in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the fluorine resin particles contained in a part of 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer satisfy the following Expression (2):
0.1≦( C )/( D )≦3 Expression (2)
wherein, (C) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 2 to 5 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (D) represents a number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated.
13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11 ,
wherein in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a number of aggregated particles in which 21 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated is 5 or less in the fluorine resin particles exposed on the surface.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11 ,
wherein in the photoreceptor, the fluorine resin particles contained in the part that is deeper 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer include 5 or less aggregated particles in which 6 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.
15. A process cartridge comprising:
an electrophotographic photoreceptor; and
at least one selected from A) a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, B) a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, C) a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image, D) a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor onto a recording medium, and E) a cleaning unit that cleans the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 .
16. The process cartridge according to claim 15 ,
wherein in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the fluorine resin particles contained in a part of 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer satisfy the following Expression (2):
0.1<( C )/( D )<3 Expression (2)
wherein, (C) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 2 to 5 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (D) represents a number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated.
17. The process cartridge according to claim 15 ,
wherein in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a number of aggregated particles in which 21 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated is 5 or less in the fluorine resin particles exposed on the surface.
18. The process cartridge according to claim 15 ,
wherein in the photoreceptor, the fluorine resin particles contained in the part 0.2 μm to 5 μm inside the surface of the surface layer include 5 or less aggregated particles in which 6 or more fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.